Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define human anatomy
The study of the form or structure of the human body
Define physiology
The study of the functions of the components of the human body
What is the smallest unit able to carry out the functions of life?
A cell
Define metabolism. What are the two types?
The acquisition and usage of energy to perform tasks.
Anabolism and catabolism
Define anabolism
A building process of metabolism
Smaller chemicals are combined to form larger ones.
An example is building muscle
Define catabolism
A breaking down process of metabolism. Larger chemicals are broken down into smaller ones.
An example is digestion
What are the characteristics of living organisms?
- Composed of one or more cells
- Carries out metabolism
- It grows
- It excretes
- It responds
- It moves
- It reproduces
What are the structural levels of organization?
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
Cephalic
Head
Cranial
Skull
Frontal
Forehead
Ocular
Eye
Otic
Ear
Buccal
Cheek
Nasal
Nose
Oral
Mouth
Mental
Chin
Occipital
Back of head
Cervical
Neck
Thoracic
Chest
Sternal
Sternum
Vertebral
Spinal column
Lumbar
Lower back
Sacral
Sacrum
Gluteal
Buttocks
Abdominal
Abdomin
Pelvic
Pelvis
Inguinal
Groin
Pubic
Pubis
Acromial
Point of shoulder
Axillary
Arm pit
Brachial
Arm
Antecubital
Anterior surface of elbow
Cubital
Posterior of elbow
Antebrachial
Posterior and anterior of forearm
Carpal
Wrist
Palmar
Palm
Manual
Hand
Metacarpal
Bones in the hand
Pollex
Thumb
Digital
Fingers or toes
Coxal
Hip
Femoral
Thigh
Patellar
Anterior surface of the knee
Popliteal
Posterior surface of the knee
Crural
Anterior shin
Sural
Posterior of lower leg
Pedal
Foot
Tarsal
Ankle
Metatarsal
Bones in the foot
Hallux
Big toe
Plantar
Sole (bottom) of foot
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?
Right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower
What does the axial region contain?
Head, neck, and trunk
What does the appendicular region contain?
The upper and lower appendages
What two main cavities make up the axial region?
Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)
What cavities make up the dorsal region?
Cranial (houses the brain) and the vertebral (houses spinal cord)
What cavities make up the ventral cavity?
Thoracic cavity and abdominopelivic cavity
What three cavities make up the thoracic cavity?
Pleural cavities (right and left. Houses the lungs)
Pericardial cavity (houses heart. Located within mediastinum)
Mediastinum (where heart, thymus, trachea, and esophagus are located within thoracic cavity)
What two cavities make the abdominopelivic cavity?
Abdominal (houses stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and MOST of the large intestines)
Pelvic cavity ( houses urinary bladder, terminal end of large intestine, and internal reproductive organs)
Serous membranes do what?
Line the walls and organs of the ventral (anterior) body cavities. They are thin and secrete serous fluid.
What is the purpose of serous fluid?
Acts as a lubricant, and reduces friction
Define parietal membranes
They line the walls of the ventral cavities
Define visceral membranes
They cover/line the organs within the ventral cavities
The parietal pleura ____.
Lines the walls of the pleural cavities
The parietal pericardium ____.
Lines the wall of the pericardial cavity
The parietal peritoneum ____.
Lines the wall of the abdominopelivic cavity.
The visceral pleura ____.
Covers the lungs within the pleural cavities
The visceral pleura ____.
Covers the lungs within the pleural cavities
The visceral pericardium ____.
Covers the heart within the pericardial cavity.
Also called the epicardium
The visceral peritoneum ____.
Covers the organs within the abdominopelivic cavity
What are the 9 regions of the abdominopelivic cavity?
Right hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Right iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
Left hypochondriac
Left lumbar
Left iliac
Organs in the right hypochondriac region
Liver and superior portion of right kidney
Organs in the right lumbar region
Inferior portion of right kidney and the ascending colon.
Organs in the right iliac region
Cecum, ascending colon, and right ovary
Organs in the epigastric region
Stomach, liver, adrenal glands, and portion of the pancreas
Organs in the umbilical region
Umbilicus, transverse colon, small intestine, portion of pancreas, and the gallbladder
Organs in the hypogastric region
Urinary bladder, rectum, small intestine, appendix, and uterus
Organs in the left hypochondriac region
Major portion of stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas, and superior portion of left kidney
Organs in the left lumbar region
Inferior portion of the left kidney, descending colon, and small intestine
Organs in the left iliac region
Small intestine, sigmoid colon, and left ovary
List the body planes of section
Saggital (mid and para)
Transverse
Coronal
Cross
Oblique
Longitudinal
Define a sagittal plane
Lengthwise cut separating the body into left and right portions
Midsagittal will be equal portions
Parasagittal will be unequal portions
Define transverse plane
A horizontal cut made perpendicular to long axis or body part. Separates body into superior and inferior portions
Define coronal plane
Also called frontal.
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions
Define cross plane
A horizontal cut through a cylindrical body part
Define oblique plane
Angular cut through a cylindrical body part
Define longitudinal plane
Lengthwise cut through a cylindrical body part
