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Bio 141 Human A&P Lecture > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define human anatomy

A

The study of the form or structure of the human body

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2
Q

Define physiology

A

The study of the functions of the components of the human body

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3
Q

What is the smallest unit able to carry out the functions of life?

A

A cell

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4
Q

Define metabolism. What are the two types?

A

The acquisition and usage of energy to perform tasks.

Anabolism and catabolism

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5
Q

Define anabolism

A

A building process of metabolism

Smaller chemicals are combined to form larger ones.

An example is building muscle

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6
Q

Define catabolism

A

A breaking down process of metabolism. Larger chemicals are broken down into smaller ones.

An example is digestion

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

A
  1. Composed of one or more cells
  2. Carries out metabolism
  3. It grows
  4. It excretes
  5. It responds
  6. It moves
  7. It reproduces
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8
Q

What are the structural levels of organization?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ system
  6. Organism
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9
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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10
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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11
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

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12
Q

Ocular

A

Eye

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13
Q

Otic

A

Ear

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14
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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15
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

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16
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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17
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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18
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

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19
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

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20
Q

Thoracic

A

Chest

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21
Q

Sternal

A

Sternum

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22
Q

Vertebral

A

Spinal column

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23
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back

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24
Q

Sacral

A

Sacrum

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25
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttocks

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26
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomin

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27
Q

Pelvic

A

Pelvis

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28
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

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29
Q

Pubic

A

Pubis

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30
Q

Acromial

A

Point of shoulder

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31
Q

Axillary

A

Arm pit

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32
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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33
Q

Antecubital

A

Anterior surface of elbow

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34
Q

Cubital

A

Posterior of elbow

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35
Q

Antebrachial

A

Posterior and anterior of forearm

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36
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

37
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

38
Q

Manual

A

Hand

39
Q

Metacarpal

A

Bones in the hand

40
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

41
Q

Digital

A

Fingers or toes

42
Q

Coxal

A

Hip

43
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

44
Q

Patellar

A

Anterior surface of the knee

45
Q

Popliteal

A

Posterior surface of the knee

46
Q

Crural

A

Anterior shin

47
Q

Sural

A

Posterior of lower leg

48
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

49
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

50
Q

Metatarsal

A

Bones in the foot

51
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

52
Q

Plantar

A

Sole (bottom) of foot

53
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower

54
Q

What does the axial region contain?

A

Head, neck, and trunk

55
Q

What does the appendicular region contain?

A

The upper and lower appendages

56
Q

What two main cavities make up the axial region?

A

Ventral (anterior) and dorsal (posterior)

57
Q

What cavities make up the dorsal region?

A

Cranial (houses the brain) and the vertebral (houses spinal cord)

58
Q

What cavities make up the ventral cavity?

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelivic cavity

59
Q

What three cavities make up the thoracic cavity?

A

Pleural cavities (right and left. Houses the lungs)

Pericardial cavity (houses heart. Located within mediastinum)

Mediastinum (where heart, thymus, trachea, and esophagus are located within thoracic cavity)

60
Q

What two cavities make the abdominopelivic cavity?

A

Abdominal (houses stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small and MOST of the large intestines)

Pelvic cavity ( houses urinary bladder, terminal end of large intestine, and internal reproductive organs)

61
Q

Serous membranes do what?

A

Line the walls and organs of the ventral (anterior) body cavities. They are thin and secrete serous fluid.

62
Q

What is the purpose of serous fluid?

A

Acts as a lubricant, and reduces friction

63
Q

Define parietal membranes

A

They line the walls of the ventral cavities

64
Q

Define visceral membranes

A

They cover/line the organs within the ventral cavities

65
Q

The parietal pleura ____.

A

Lines the walls of the pleural cavities

66
Q

The parietal pericardium ____.

A

Lines the wall of the pericardial cavity

67
Q

The parietal peritoneum ____.

A

Lines the wall of the abdominopelivic cavity.

68
Q

The visceral pleura ____.

A

Covers the lungs within the pleural cavities

69
Q

The visceral pleura ____.

A

Covers the lungs within the pleural cavities

70
Q

The visceral pericardium ____.

A

Covers the heart within the pericardial cavity.

Also called the epicardium

71
Q

The visceral peritoneum ____.

A

Covers the organs within the abdominopelivic cavity

72
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdominopelivic cavity?

A

Right hypochondriac
Right lumbar
Right iliac
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
Left hypochondriac
Left lumbar
Left iliac

73
Q

Organs in the right hypochondriac region

A

Liver and superior portion of right kidney

74
Q

Organs in the right lumbar region

A

Inferior portion of right kidney and the ascending colon.

75
Q

Organs in the right iliac region

A

Cecum, ascending colon, and right ovary

76
Q

Organs in the epigastric region

A

Stomach, liver, adrenal glands, and portion of the pancreas

77
Q

Organs in the umbilical region

A

Umbilicus, transverse colon, small intestine, portion of pancreas, and the gallbladder

78
Q

Organs in the hypogastric region

A

Urinary bladder, rectum, small intestine, appendix, and uterus

79
Q

Organs in the left hypochondriac region

A

Major portion of stomach, spleen, tail of pancreas, and superior portion of left kidney

80
Q

Organs in the left lumbar region

A

Inferior portion of the left kidney, descending colon, and small intestine

81
Q

Organs in the left iliac region

A

Small intestine, sigmoid colon, and left ovary

82
Q

List the body planes of section

A

Saggital (mid and para)
Transverse
Coronal
Cross
Oblique
Longitudinal

83
Q

Define a sagittal plane

A

Lengthwise cut separating the body into left and right portions

Midsagittal will be equal portions

Parasagittal will be unequal portions

84
Q

Define transverse plane

A

A horizontal cut made perpendicular to long axis or body part. Separates body into superior and inferior portions

85
Q

Define coronal plane

A

Also called frontal.

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

86
Q

Define cross plane

A

A horizontal cut through a cylindrical body part

87
Q

Define oblique plane

A

Angular cut through a cylindrical body part

88
Q

Define longitudinal plane

A

Lengthwise cut through a cylindrical body part

Bio 141 Human A&P Lecture (3 decks)

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