Chapter 1 Flashcards
Homeostasis
maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment
Neurophysiology
The restoration of proper functioning of the nervous system and its control over the other body systems
What are the 4 types of tissue that make up the body
(1) Nervous (2) Muscular (3) Connective (4) Epithelial
Atom
the smallest level of organization
Cells
the smallest units that can carry out all the basic functions of life
Tissue
a collection of different types of cells, but that have the same intercellular substance and a specific function
Organs
two or more different types of tissues that have a definite shape and function
Systems
Different organs having a common functions e.g. digestive
How many neurons in the nervous system
1 Trillion
How many neurons in the brain alone
100 Billion
What is the language of neurons
Action Potential
What are the functions of neurons
to generate and conduct (pass on) electric potential
Neuroglia
are cells which support, protect, and prvide nutrients to neurons.
Three types: Astrocytes, Oligodendrite and Microglia
Astrocyte
maintain the appropriate chemical environment for neuron signalling (release Ca+)
- are only found in CNS
Oligodendrites
creators of the myelin sheath
- Only found in CNS
Microglia
scavenger cells that remove debris (macrophage)
Three types of muscle tissue in the body
(1) Skeletal (2) Smooth (3) Cadiac
Physiology
the study of chemical and physical processes that account for lifes functions
Hippocrates
believed in non-invasive techniques such as nutrition and rest
“natural events have natural causes”
- thought physicians role was to assist nature’s healing power
“in disease, look at the spine first”
Aristotle
- Identified the heart as the seat of emotion
- thought the brain was where the blood was cooled-
Herophilus
was the first to record physiological experiements (on living criminals)
Claudius Galen
first to describe the functions of the brain, the role of nerve cells, and the spinal cors in sensory and motor functions
- discovered arteries carry blood not air
Middle Ages
- Was dominated by theology
- Believed all natural phenomenon had supernatural cause
- Dark ages Ensued where no experiments or science was done
Renaissance
17th century full of scientific and intellectual advancements
William Harvey
Researched Cardiovascular System - found out that blood is recycled by being pumped out of heart by arteries - then somehow connected to veins and returned to the heart
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli
Studied animal Motion and was the first to propose the basis of muscle contraction resided in muscle fibres
Robert Hooke
Built the first Microscope
Leeuwenhoek
Observed and described te first red blood cells and spermatozoa
Hermann Boerhaave
argues for an integrative approach to physiology which included chemical and physical approaches
Clause Bernard
had the idea that the conditions of the body remain fairly stable and that the body is never at rest bt constantly undergoing dynamic changes to remain in equilibrium
Walter Cannon
Coined the term Homeostasis
