chapter 1 Flashcards
what is anatomy?
the study of body
structure
(morphology)
what is physiology?
the study of the function of body parts
what are the nine levels of organization in the body? (smallest to largest)
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
which levels of organization are not living? (smallest to largest)
atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle
which levels of organization are living? (smallest to largest)
cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
define an atom.
the smallest unit of matter, or the smallest particle of a single element.
define a molecule.
composed of two or more atoms. Can be the same element (ex. O2) or different elements (ex. H2O).
define a macromolecule.
large molecules. Includes proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
define an organelle.
a structure within a cell that performs a specific function.
define a cell.
smallest structural and functional unit of life.
define a tissue.
a group of cells that perform a specialized function.
define an organ.
a structure consisting of a group of tissues with a specialized function.
define an organ system.
a group of organs working together to carry out a specialized function.
define an organism.
many organ systems, an individual living thing.
what are the ten characteristics of life?
movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion
define movement.
change in position of the body or of a body part (voluntary or involuntary).
define responsiveness.
reaction to a change inside or outside of the body (thirsty, moving away from heat).
define growth.
increase in size, new body materials produce faster than old ones are worn out.
define reproduction.
production of new organisms and new cells.
define respiration.
obtaining O2, removing CO2, and releasing energy from food.
define digestion.
breaking down food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used.
define absorption.
passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids.
define circulation.
movement of substances into body fluids.
define assimilation.
changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms.
