Chapter 1 Flashcards
is the applied discipline that
addresses the moral features of nursing
practice.
It is a subset of health care ethics or
bioethics.
Nursing ethics
(from the Greek word bios means life; and ethos, means behaviour ) was coined in 1926 by?
Fritz Jahr
bios means
life
ethos means
behaviour
– motives and actions are
morally right independent of their consequences.
( Duty-oriented theory )
is the science of moral
duty
Deontology Theory
it’s origin is from the Greek word
“deont”- meaning “that which is binding, duty”.
Deontology Theory
propoponent of Deontology Theory
(Immanuel Kant
Ethical rules are universal that
humans can drive certain
principle to guide actions
emphasizes conscience and
represented God primarily as
the moral ideal.
Kantianism
a Latin term that is
commonly understood to mean “on the first
appearance” or “based on the first
impression.”
the duty to tell the truth, obey the law, protect people from harm, and keep one’s promises
Prima Facie
+ or - rights?
- the right to privacy, the right not to be killed, or the right to do what one
wants with one’s property, are rights that protect some form of human
freedom or liberty, .
nega
+ or - rights?
- right of the government to enforce the law on all inhabitants or a sale
contract to receive a product.
- right of the government to enforce the law on all inhabitants or a sale
- the right to adequate health care
positive
posits that people contract with each other to
abide by the moral and political obligations
towards the society in which they live.
- - people enter into an agreement with each
other to give up some of their freedoms and
accept the obligation to respect and safeguard
the rights of others.
Social Contract Theories
It asserts that the action is right if it confirms the fairness
in the distributive, retributive dimensions of cost and
rewards.
Social Justice Theories
(Consequence-oriented theory)
Utilitarianism aka consequentialism
Focuses on consequences, utility or end/result
Judges the rightness or wrongness of decision
based upon the outcome, or predicted outcome
Derives duty or moral obligation from what is
good or desirable as an end to be achieved
Teleological Theory/ Ethics
TYPE OF TELEOLOGICAL ETHICAL THEORIES
– it posits that an action is good if it produces or is
likely to produce results that maximize the person’s self-interest
which the person himself defines. Even at the expense of others. It
is based on the notion that it is always right to promote one’s own
good.
Ethical Egoism
: No universal norms of right and wrong. One can be wrong or
right based on relative view
Relativism
Right and wrong for each person are decided by
themselves. What’s wrong for someone maybe right for someone else.
Subjective Relativism
“Right “and “wrong” depend on a society’s moral guidelines. Guidelines
vary from place to place and from time to time. An action can be right
in a certain society at one time and wrong in another society or at
another time.
Cultural Relativism
Good actions: aligned with God’s will. Bad actions:
contrary to God’s will. God reveals to man His will which
guides man to act.
Divine Command Theory:
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
refers to the obligation of a person to be faithful to
agreements, responsibilities, and commitments that he has made
to himself and to others. It is the main principle that supports the
concept of accountability of nurses and other professionals.
Fidelity
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
– being fair and just in character and behaviour,
not cheating or stealing, free of deceit. This is synonymous
with sincerity, integrity, truthfulness, uprightness, and just.
Honesty to self and in the performance of duty is expected
from the nurse
Honesty
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
this is defined as being modest in dealings,
unpretentious, with simplicity, and submissive. Nurses are
known for this virtue as they perform their role as the
member of the health care team.
Humility
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
this is showing a deferential esteem felt or
shown toward a person. Nurses do not only show this virtue
to the patients but to the other members of the health
team, community, and society, or in any setting that she is
involved.
Respect
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
this is a virtue that is important for the
nurse because this enables her to serve other selflessly.
Compassion
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
this is described as acting with cautiousness,
with foresight, and with discretion. A nurse is expected to be
prudent in all that she does, especially in the performance
of her duty
Prudence
Virtues of the Health Care Provider
this is the ability to disregard
fear in acting out one’s convictions and
beliefs. There are also times in a nurse’s
career when he/she “becomes physically
and emotionally exhausted and yet,
somehow, finds the strength to go on.
Nurses have to muster up strength and
persevere to be able to perform their
duties and responsibilities
Courage
“it is not possible to
possess excellence in character without
wisdom, nor to be wise without excellence of
character”.
He believed that practice creates a habit of
acting in a virtuous way,
And that virtue can be learned and improved.
personal training and routine practice
Aristotle
The 6 C’s in Nursing
- Care,
- Compassion,
- Competence,
- Communication,
- Courage and
- Commitment.
IN CAPSULE: The patient’s rights areas follows
- P-rivacy:
- A-utonomy:
- T-reatment refusal:
- I-nformation: (or consumer responsibilities).
- E-ducation: ( or information disclosure).
- N-ot to be restrained:
- T-o be treated with confidentiality:
- S-ervices:
allows one person to make decision for
another
(strong and weak)
Paternalism
( legally acceptable representative)
power of attorney
living will
Proxy consent
a document
that provides patients with information
on how they can reasonably expect to
be treated during the course of their
treatment or hospital stay.
Patient’s Bill of Rights
pertains to the ethics of telling the truth.
.The ordinary ethics of truthfulness is generally
summed up in two com-mands. 1st, do not lie.
2
nd, you must communicate with those who have a
right to the truth.
VERACITY
