Chapter 1 Flashcards
charles darwin
natural selection
Dorothea Dix
helped advocate for rights and mentally ill people
sigmund freud
psychoanalysis, therapy, unconscious mind
G. Stanley Hall
First president of the APA
william james
father of american psych, no structuralism, used FUNCTIONALISM, wrote the first psych text book
ivan pavlov
russian psychologist, classical conditioning
wilhelm wundt
professor at germanys university of Leipzig, introspection, first human test lab, father of psychology
jean piaget
children swiss biologist
B.F Skinner
behaviorist, did not like introspection, studied how consequences shape behavior
biopsychology (neuroscience)
all feelings and behaviors have an organic root
evolutionary
we behave the way we do because we inherit those behaviors
psychoanalytical
focuses on the unconscious mind, most behaviors result from unresolved conflicts
behavioral
observable behaviors, conditioned or taught to act a certain way
hunanistic
humans focusing on human behaviors and their selfs
cognitive
focuses on how we think
social cultural
your behavior and feelings are dictated by the culture you stem from
independent variable
what is being changed in the experiment
dependent variable
whatever is being measured in an experiment
confounding variable
cause and effect, one thing causes another
placebo effect
when a person thinks a medication is working for them but it doesn’t the person’s mind tricks them
to believe it works
reliability
consistency, chances a result will be the same
validity
accuracy, how well a study measures
correlation method
expression of a relationship of two variables
correlation coefficient
the measure of strength in a relationship, farthest away from 0 is correct
positive correlation
the variable goes in the same direction ^^
negative correlation
opposite directions ^v
cross sectional
collecting data from a population at a specific point in time
logitudinal
at a specific point in time collecting data from a population
meta analysis
combing data from several selected studies
hawthorn effect
if someone knows their in an experiment they can change their behavior
nature vs nurture
a controversy that a person’s characteristics are described by nature or nurture
hindsight bias
accurately predicting an event before it actually happens
irb
groups federally charged to preform experiments and research on humans
IACUC
institutional animal care and use committee, studies on animals
confidentiality
under normal circumstances no one outside the Counseling Center is given any information
personal bias
learned beliefs, opinions, or attitudes that people are unaware of and often reinforce stereotypes
