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Sociology 100 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is sociology

A

the systematic study of human society

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2
Q

where did sociology originate from

A

Europe (France, Germany & England), but the MOST growth was in USA (University of Chicago)

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3
Q

when did sociology come about

A

19th century - 1850

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4
Q

why did sociology come into existence

A

Industrial Revolution (1760-1830s) & French Revolution (1789-1799)

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5
Q

who founded sociology

A

Compte, Durkheim, Marx, Weber, Spencer, Mead, etc.

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6
Q

What is the androcentric criticism

A

male-oriented perspective

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7
Q

what is gynocentric perspective

A

female-oriented perspective

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8
Q

what is eurocentric perspective

A

white-male perspective

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9
Q

how is society possible

A

thomas hobbes’ idea of nature meant war and that men were fighting men. The social contract was created prevent war

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10
Q

Karl Marx’s significance

A

(1818-1883) believed society is a hierarchy and each group’s position in the hierarchy is determined by their role in the production of wealth. bourgeoise (rich) & proletariat (workers)

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11
Q

Ibn Khaldûn

A

arab scholar, founder of sociology

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12
Q

John Porter

A

1921-1979) vertical mosaic - describe hierarchal order of race and religious groups

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13
Q

different kinds of sociology

A

sociology by approach
structural functionalism
conflict theory
symbolic interaction
feminist theory
postmodern theory

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14
Q

Macrosociology

A

focuses on the bigger picture
structural functionalism, conflict theory, feminist theory, postmodern theory

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15
Q

microsociology

A

focuses on plans, motivations and actions of smaller groups

symbolic interactionism

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16
Q

structural functionalism

A

key representatives: Durkheim, Merton, Parsons

uses an organic or biological analogy for society

fallen out of favour

17
Q

Émile Durkheim

A

(1858-1917)
founder of sociology
patterned ways of acting, thinking and feeling that exist outside of any individual
social facts allow sociologists to examine larger groups rather than individuals

18
Q

Robert Merton

A

(1910-2003)
major contributor to functionalist thinking

manifest functions: religion fulfills spiritual and emotional needs

latent functions: religion creates a support network

latent dysfunctions: religion provides justifications for judging outsiders negatively

19
Q

conflict theory

A

based on the idea that conflict exists in all large societies due to class division

20
Q

conflict theory’s C’s

A

conflict, class, contestation, change

21
Q

Symbolic Interactionism

A

meaning (symbolic part) of the daily social interactions rather than larger social structures (macro vs. microsociology)

22
Q

George Mead

A

examined socialization, the development of the self, and the social roles in the context of human interactions

23
Q

Herbert Blumer

A

coined the term symbolic interaction
individuals and groups create and maintain social systems through interaction

24
Q

Erving Goffman

A

canadian sociologist
coined the term total institution: to regulate or control people

i.e prisons, boarding schools, concentration camps

25
Q

feminist theory

A

rooted in conflict theory
addresses issues of systematic discrimination against women

26
Q

Harriet Martineau

A

first sociologist to systematically examine women’s roles in society

27
Q

Dorothy Smith

A

developed standpoint theory out of her own discrimination in the academic community

28
Q

second feminism wave

A

focus on public and private rights
fighting for equality in the home and workplace

28
Q

first feminism wave

A

civil and political rights
right to vote and hold political office (1900)

28
Q

third feminism wave

A

inclusion of LGBTQ and racialized people (1980s)

28
Q

totalitarian discourse

A

refers to any universal claim about how knowledge or understanding is achieved

28
Q

postmodern theory

A

seeks to include a diversity of voices,, especially those that are drowned out by powerful voice of dominant groups (white, heterosexual, middle and upper-class men)

29
Q

totalitarian

A

describes a set of beliefs or idea that (totally) dominates all others

29
Q

professional sociology

A

research designed to generate highly specific information

29
Q

sociology’s audience

A

professional, critical, policy and public

30
Q

critical sociology

A

aims to bring meaningful social change

31
Q

policy sociology

A

generates sociological data to be used in the development of social policies, laws, rules or plans

3 main areas: education, health, social welfare

32
Q

public sociology

A

to make sociology accessible to the public in simple terms

Sociology 100 (5 decks)

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