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BIO 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Study of structure (Form)

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

Study of FUNCTION

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3
Q

What is Cytology?

A

Study of Cells

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4
Q

What is Histology?

A

Study of Tissues

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5
Q

What is the Organizational Structure of life?

A

Atoms-Molecules-Organelles-Cells-Tissues-Organ-Organ System-Organism

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6
Q

What are tissues?

A

Group of cells that have similar function

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7
Q

What are atoms?

A

Smallest part of anything and can not be broken down

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8
Q

What are molecules?

A

2+ atoms bonded together

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9
Q

What are organelles?

A

structure that has one or more job to perform in a cell

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10
Q

What are cells?

A

Smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life’s processes

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11
Q

What are organs?

A

Collection of tissues that form a functional unit specialized to perform a particular task

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12
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Group of organs that work together in the body to perform a complex function

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13
Q

What is an organism?

A

a living being that has a cellular structure and can independently perform all functions necessary for life

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A

Maintaining Boundaries/ Movement/ Responsiveness/ Digestion/ Metabolism/Excretion/ Reproduction/ Growth/

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15
Q

What does maintaining boundaries mean?

A

Cell membranes and the skin helps to protect living things from invasion of foreign substances from the outside

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16
Q

What does Responsiveness mean?

A

The ability of an organism to sense and react to stimuli

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17
Q

What does Movement mean?

A

Movements can be either from place to place or movement of substances internally peristalsis or blood within vessels

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18
Q

What does Digestion mean?

A

Being able to break down the food products that are ingested

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19
Q

What does Metabolism mean?

A

Sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the organism

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20
Q

What are the two types of metabolism?

A

Anabolism and Catabolism

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21
Q

What is Anabolism?

A

Type of Metabolism: Complex molecules formed from simpler ones

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22
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

Type of Metabolism: Complex molecules are broken into simpler ones

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23
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of wastes from the tissues and their elimination from the body

24
Q

What is Reproduction?

A

All living organisms can produce copies of themselves and genetic information and traits to their offspring

25
Q

What is Growth?

A

An increase in size

26
Q

What are the parts of Homeostatic Mechanism?

A

Receptor, Integrating (control) Center, Effector

27
Q

What is the Receptor?

A

Structure that sense a change in the body

28
Q

What is the Integrating( Control) Center?

A

Mechanism that processes the information and initiates the response

29
Q

What is the effector?

A

Structure that carries out the response that restores homeostasis

30
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Helps maintain a steady stable environment

31
Q

What is Negative Feedback?

A

The fundamental mechanism that keeps a variable close to its set point

32
Q

What is an example of negative feedback?

A

Turning off the furnace

33
Q

What is Positive Feedback?

A

Self-Amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction

34
Q

What is an example of Positive Feedback?

A

Oxytocin production during childbirth and platelet aggregation

35
Q

What is the Axial Region?

A

Head, Neck, Trunk

36
Q

What is the Appendicular Region?

A

Appednages: Upper and Lower Limbs

37
Q

What is the Anatomical Position?

A

Body is erect and feet are flat on the floor and close together, head and palms facing to the front

38
Q

What are the Anatomical Planes?

A

Sagittal, Frontal, Transverse

39
Q

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

Passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into right and left portions

40
Q

What is the Frontal plane?

A

Extends vertically, separating the body into anterior and posterior sections

41
Q

What is the Transverse plane?

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior

42
Q

What is Homeostatic Imbalance?

A

Any condition where homeostasis is upset and balance is out of range and can lead to a diseased state

43
Q

What are the survival needs?

A

Nutrients, Water, Oxygen, Normal Body Temperature, Atmospheric Temperature

44
Q

What are the body cavities?

A

Dorsal, Ventral, Thoracic, Abdominopelvic

45
Q

What is the Dorsal Body Cavity?

A

Cranial and Vertebral cavities

46
Q

What is the Ventral Body Cavity?

A

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

47
Q

What is the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Mediastinum (Heart), Pleural Cavities (Lungs)

48
Q

What is the Abdominopelvic Cavity?

A

Digestive Viscera, Urinary, Reproductive Organs

49
Q

What are Serous Membranes?

A

Double layered membranes that have a thin layer of serous fluid (secreted by the cells of the membrane)

50
Q

What are the two layers of the Serous Membranes?

A

Inner Layer: Visceral, lines the organ
Outer Layer: Parietal, lines the inner surface of the cavity that the organ is contained within

51
Q

What is the purpose of the serous membranes?

A

To reduce friction caused by organs that produce movement

52
Q

What are the major serous membranes?

A

Pericardium, Pleurae, Peritoneum

53
Q

What is the Pericardium?

A

Surrounds the heart

54
Q

What is the Pleurae?

A

Surrounds the lungs

55
Q

What is the Peritoneum

A

Surrounds most of the digestive organs

56
Q

What are the Directional terms?

A

Superior, Inferior, Ventral, Dorsal, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial, Deep

57
Q

Scientific Method Essay

A

Observation: Put bread in the toaster and it doesn’t toast
Question: Why won’t my bread toast
Hypothesis: The outlet is broken
Make prediction: If I plus toaster into different outlet then the toaster will work
Test Prediction: Plug toaster into different outlet and try again
Iterate: Hypothesis right: Bread got toasted
Hypothesis wrong: Bread did not get toasted

BIO 101 (2 decks)

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