chapter 1 Flashcards
Why Study Neuroscience?
Necessary in order to provide competent and comprehensive rehabilitation (Be an informed consumer of research!!)
* Knowledgeable team member
* Ultimately, to be a better clinician
Why study disorders ‘unrelated’ to speech and
language?
Co-morbidity of conditions
* Complicating factors
* May be more related to speech and language than we think
Disorders of any modality do not exist in a vacuum.
Neurological Diseases
that may affect our clients
Vascular diseases
* Neoplastic conditions
* Degenerative diseases
* Demyelinating Disease
* Motor disorders
* Bacterial or viral infections
Saggital
vertical cut segmenting brain into left and
right portions (most commonly depicted: mid-sagittal)
Coronal
vertical cut perpendicular to sagittal
section—divides brain into front (rostral) and back
(caudal)
Transverse or horizontal
perpendicular to coronal and sagittal
planes, divides brain into upper and lower halves
Rostral
Towards the nose
Caudal
Towards the tail
Ventral
Towards the belly
and anterior part of the spinal cord
Dorsal
Posterior part of the spinal cord but looking at the brain is the superior part
Anterior
The front
Posterior
The back
Inferior
Bellow
Superior
On top
Inter
Between
Intra
Within
Afferent fibers
(sensory): Brings signal away from
sensory neurons to brain
Decussation (X
A decussation is an intersection of pathways in the form of an X. Most nerve pathways between our brain and spinal cord cross over at some point
Efferent fibers
(motor): Brings signal from brain to
neuromuscular junction
Ipsilateral
refers to structures on the same side of the body or brain (left or right
contralateral
contralateral refers to structures on opposite sides of the body.
Gray matter:
neuronal bodies and dendrites
Cortex
cell body collections on surface
* Gyrus/gyri
* Sulcus/sulci
* Fissure
White matter
White matter: neuronal axons (myelinated fibers)
* Tract/fasciculus vs. nerve/fibers
* Names of tracts typically from where they start to
end
* e.g., corticospinal tract
