Chapter 1 Flashcards
what types of databases does traditional applications have?
numeric and textual databases.
stock administration is an example of….
numeric and textual databases used in traditional databases
spotify and youtube are examples of ___________ databases.
multimedia
GIS stands for….
Geographic Information Systems
Name 3 types of databases used in recent applications:
- multimedia databases
- geographical information systems
- biological and genome databases
- data warehouses
- mobile databases
- real-time and active databases
Data that resides on the “cloud” means
it is in huge data centers using thousands of machines
a collection of related data.
database
known facts that can be recorded and have an implicit meaning.
data
a software package/system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a computerized database.
Database Management System (DBMS)
the DMBS software together with the data itself. (Sometimes, the applications are also included.
Database System
A database system is composed of ________ and _________.
the DBMS, the data itself.
T/F: Student grades and transcripts at a university is an example of a mini-world
true.
some part of the real world about which data is stored in a database.
mini-world
A database has a ______, a ______, and an __________ as its implicit properties.
source, form, audience.
T/F: Changes to the miniworld are reflected in the database.
true.
T/F: A random assortment of data can be referred to as a database.
false, it cannot be referred to as a database.
T/F: A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning.
true.
T/F: A database does not have an intended group of users.
false, it has an intended group of users
T/F: A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a general purpose.
false, for a specific purpose
T/F: A database has a specific size and complexity.
false, it can be of any size and complexity.
A simplified database system environment includes the ______, and the ____________.
database system, DBMS software.
The DBMS software includes two kind of software one to _____________, and one to ___________.
process queries/programs, access stored data.
What are the two kinds of databases that the DBMS software accesses?
the stored database, and the stored database definition (Meta-Data)
T/F: the DBMS doesn’t have to deal with the authorization of users to allow them access to data.
false, DBMS must not allow unauthorized users to access data.
T/F: the DBMS must keep up with changing user requirements against the database.
true
T/F: Defining a particular database in terms of its data types, structures, and constraints is one of the typical DBMS functions.
true
_______ or ________ the initial database contents on a secondary storage medium is one of the typical DBMS functions.
Constructing, loading
T/F: Manipulating the database, one of the typical DBMS functions, includes retrieval, modification, and accessing the database through web applications.
true.
_______ and ________ by a set of concurrent users and applications programs, is one of the typical functions of the DBMS.
Processing, sharing.
The data that is being processing and shared in a DBMS by concurrent users and application programs must all be ______ and _______.
valid, consistent.
Applications interact with a database by generating ________ and ___________.
queries, transcations.
an executing program that forms a logical unit of database processing.
transcations
T/F: transcations include only one of database access operations including insertion, deletion, modification or retrieval operations.
false, one or more.
transcations need to be ________ or _______.
committed, aborted.
T/F: DBMS may additionally provide protection or security measures to prevent unauthorized access.
true.
DBMS Protection includes: ________ against hardware or software malfunction (or crashes), and ___________ against unauthorized or malicious access.
System protection, security protection
Other DBMS functions includes: Presentation and visualization of _______, and “_____” processing to take internal actions on data.
data, “active”.
the maintenance of the database and associated programs over the lifetime of the database application. By allowing the system to evolve as requirements change overtime.
database, software, and system maintenance
database manipulation involves _________ and _______.
querying, updating.
Retrieving the transcript- a list of all courses and grades- of ‘Smith’ (in university database example in slides) is an example of a ________.
query
T/F: Listing the prequisities of the ‘database’ course (in university database example in slides) is an example of a query.
true
Changing the class of ‘Smith’ to sophomore (in the university database example in slides) is an example of a (query/update).
update
T/F: Creating a new section for the ‘Database’ course for this semester (in university database example in slides) is an example of a query.
false, update
Entering a grade of ‘A’ for ‘Smith’ in the ‘Database’ section of last semester (in university database example in slides) is an example of a (query/update).
update
insulation between programs and data is a one of the main characteristics of ___________.
the database approach to data management.
T/F: A self-describing nature of a database system is one of the main characteristics of the database approach.
true
T/F: Program-data independence is not one the main characteristics of the database approach to data management.
false, it is.
the insulation between programs and data is called
Program-data independence
T/F: Program-data independence allows changing data structures and storage organization without having to change the DBMS access programs.
true
T/F: There exists no database systems without a need for meta-data.
false, some newer systems such as a few NOSQL systems need no meta-data, they store the data definition within its structure making it self describing.
A DBMS ________ stores the description of a particular database. (e.g. data structures, types, and constraints.)
catalog
the description that the DBMS catalog stores is called
meta-data
T/F: The DBMS catalog allows the DBMS software to work with different database applications.
true.
T/F: Data Abstraction is one of the main characterstistics of the database approach.
true
A data model is used to hide storage details and present the users with a conceptual view of the database.
data abstraction
T/F: Programs refer to the data model constructs rather than data storage details in data abstraction.
true
T/F: Support of multiple views of the data is one of the main characteristics of the database approach.
true
T/F: In a database approach, Each user may see a different view of the database, which describes ONLY the data of interest to that user.
true
T/F: Sharing of data and multi-user transaction processing is one of the main characteristics of the database approach.
true
In a database approach, a set of ____ users are allowed to retrieve from and to update the database.
concurrent
__________ within the DBMS guarantees that each transcation is correctly executed or aborted.
concurreny control
_________ subsystem ensures each completed transaction has its effect permanently recorded in the database.
recovery
______ is a major part of database applications. this allows hundeds of concurrent transactions to execute per second.
OLTP
Database Users can be divided into those who ___________ and those who ___________.
those who actually use and control the database content, and those who design, develop and maintain database applications
T/F: Those who design and develop the DBMS software and related tools, and the computer systems are called actors on the scene
false, workers behind the scene
Those who actually use and control the database content, and design, develop and maintain database applications are called
Actors on the Scene
Actors on the Scene include the Database _________, and Database __________.
adminstrators, designers
(Database administrators/Database Designers) Responsible for authorizing access to the database, for coordinating and monitoring its use, acquiring software and hardware resources, controlling its use and monitoring efficiency of operations.
Databse administrators
(Database administrators/Database Designers) Responsible to define the content, the structure, the constraints, and functions or transactions against the database. They must communicate with the end-users and understand their needs.
database designers
they use the data for queries, reports, and some of them update the database content.
end-users
End-users can be catagorized into: ________, , ___________, _________, and ________.
casual, naive (or parametric), sophisticated, stand-alone.
(casual/naive or parametric) end users access database occasionally when needed, typically middle- or high-level managers.
casual
(casual/naive or parametric) end users make up a large section of the end-user population.
naive or parametric
(casual/naive or parametric) end users use previously well-defined functions in the form of “canned transcations” against the database.
naive or parametric
users of mobile apps mostly fall in the category of (casual/naive or parametric) end users.
naive or parametric
T/F: Bank-tellers or reservation clerks are parametric users
who do this activity for an entire shift of operations.
true
(Sophisticated/Stand-alone) end users include business analysts, scientists, engineers,
and others thoroughly familiar with the DBMS capabilities.
sophisticated end users
T/F: Many Stand-Alone end users use tools in the form of software packages that work closely with the stored database, in order to implement their own applications to meet their complex requirements
false, sophisticated end users.
(Sophisticated/Stand-alone) end users Mostly maintain personal databases using ready-to-use packaged applications.
Stand-Alone
T/F: An example of a Stand-Alone End user is the user of a tax program that creates its own internal database.
true
T/F: An Example of a Sophisticated end-user is a user that maintains a database of personal photos and videos.
false, Stand-Alone.
List 3 points: When not to use a DBMS?
- When a DBMS may be unnecessary
- When no DBMS may suffice
- When a DBMS may be infeasible
- Main inhibitors (costs) of using a DBMS
T/F: System Analysts and Application Developers, Application Programmers, Business Analysts are examples of actors behind the scene.
false, actors on the scene.
T/F: System Analysts understand the user requirements of naïve AND sophisticated users and design applications including canned transactions to meet those requirements.
true
T/F: DBMS System Designers and Implementors, Tool Developers, Operators and Maintenance Personnel are examples of actors behind the scene.
true
