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Ana/Phys > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy Definition

A

The structure of body parts and their relationships to each other. (Greek - to cut apart)

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2
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

The whole body

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3
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

discussing one of the systems

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4
Q

Physiology Definition

A

The function of the body; how the body works and carries out activities.

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5
Q

Anatomy and Physiology

A

Function (Physiology) always reflects structure (anatomy).

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6
Q

Body organization order

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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7
Q

(Char) Keep internal and external environments separate.

A

Maintaining Boundaries. Ex- Integumentary system (skin) keeps the entire body enclosed.

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8
Q

(Char) Activities promoted by the muscular system

A

Movement. Ex - Blood, urine and food are moved throughout the body.

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9
Q

(Char) The ability to sense changes in the environment and the respond to them

A

Responsiveness (excitability)

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10
Q

(Char) The breaking down of ingested foods to the simplest molecules that can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all of the cells

A

Digestion

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11
Q

(Char) Chemical reactions the occur within the body cells. Controlled largely by hormones

A

Metabolism

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12
Q

Breaking down substances to simpler building blocks

A

Catabolism (metabolism)

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13
Q

Building more complex structures from simple substances

A

Anabolism (metabolism)

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14
Q

(Char) The process of removing wastes from the body

A

Excretion

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15
Q

(Char) The making of offspring. Sexual/asexual

A

Reproduction. Ex - Mitosis, meiosis, birth

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16
Q

(Char) An increase in size of a body part or entire organism. Cells increase in size or number.

A

Growth

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17
Q

The ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions. When needs are met and the body is functioning smoothly.

A

Homeostasis. Ex - blood pressure, pH, temperature

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18
Q
  1. Receptor (Homeo. Control)
A

a “sensor” that monitors the environment and responses to stimuli

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19
Q
  1. Control Center (Homeo. Control)
A

Receives input from the receptor, determines the set point (how much control is needed)

20
Q
  1. Effector (Homeo. Control)
A

provides the mean for the control center’s response to the stimulus

21
Q

Negative Feedback (most common form of homeostasis)

A

A variable triggers a counteracting response to get back to homeostasis. Ex - You get too hot, you body produces sweat to lower your temperature back to its original temp .

22
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Instead of counteracting the variable, the body intensifies it/ makes more. Ex - birth. more hormones produce more contractions, making more hormones leading to more contractions, etc.

23
Q

Frontal/Coronal Plane

A

Anterior/posterior, front and back

24
Q

Sagittal Plane (2 types)

A

Right and left.
1. equal halves - midsagittal
2. unequal halves - parasagittal

25
Q

Transverse (cross section)

A

upper/lower, top/bottom

26
Q

Superior

A

Upper half

27
Q

Inferior

A

Lower Half

28
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

(Front, Anterior). Contains thoracic cavity - heart, lungs and major vessels of the heart.

29
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

(Back, Posterior). Includes brain and spinal cord.

30
Q

Upper Half of the leg/arm (above knees/elbow)

A

Proximal

31
Q

Lower half of the legs/arm (below knees/elbow)

A

Distal

32
Q

Brain

A

Cranial Cavity

33
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Vertebral Cavity

34
Q

Body Cavitiy

A

A space that is lined with a membrane. Never empty, filled with organs and their supporting structures

35
Q

Smaller cavities within the Ventral Cavity

A

Pericardial (heart)
Pleural (lungs)

36
Q

Mediastinum

A

Superior (above) to the heart. Contains thymus gland and major heart vessels.

37
Q

Smaller cavities within the Dorsal Cavity

A

oral, nasal, middle ear, orbital

38
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, kidneys, and part of the large intestine

39
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, and part of the large intestine

40
Q

Thin sheets of cells and proteins that line the openings and cavities of the body

A

membranes

41
Q

Line the inside walls of the ventral cavities and cover the visceral (internal) organs. Has an inner and outer layer.

A

serous membranes

42
Q

Parietal Layer

A

Outer membrane layer, attaches to cavity wall

43
Q

Visceral Layer

A

Inner membrane layer, adheres to organ

44
Q

Small amount of fluid between membrane layers that reduces the friction made when organs shift.

A

Serous Fluid

45
Q

Membrane that covers the heart

A

Pericardium

46
Q

Membrane that covers the lungs

A

Pluera

47
Q

Membrane that covers the abdomen

A

Peritoneum

Ana/Phys (4 decks)

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