Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Elements > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

To select appropriate materials and processing techniques for specific applications engineers must…

A
  1. Have knowledge of materials properties
  2. Understand the structure-property relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s an example of processing? What does it affect?

A
  1. Cooling rate of steel from high temperature
  2. Structure (microstructure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does structure affect?

A

Properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are three properties of metals?

A
  1. Strong and ductile
  2. High thermal & electrical conductivities
  3. Opaque and reflective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are polymers made from? What are three properties of polymers/plastics?

A

Compounds of non-metallic elements

  1. Soft, ductile, low strengths, low densities
  2. Low thermal & electrical conductivities
  3. Opaque, translucent or transparent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are ceramics made from? What are three properties of ceramics?

A

Compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)

  1. Hard and brittle
  2. Low thermal & electrical conductivities
  3. Opaque, translucent, or transparent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 6 material properties?

A

METMOD: Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, deteriorative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens if you increase the carbon content of steel (iron)?

A

It increases the hardness of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What three factors increase the electrical resistivity for copper?

A
  1. Increasing temperature
  2. Increasing impurity content
  3. Deformations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

measure of the material’s ability to conduct heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does increasing the impurity content do to thermal conductivity?

A

Decreases thermal conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are highly porous materials good or poor conductors of heat?

A

Poor conductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do ceramic fibers have low thermal conductivity?

A

Significant void space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two magnetic properties?

A

Magnetic storage and magnetic permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is magnetic storage?

A

Recording medium is magnetized by recording write heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is magnetic permeability?

A

Measure of magnetization produced in a material in response to an applied magnetic field.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is magnetic storage?

A

Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you make iron a better recording medium?

A

Add 3 atomic % Si

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What affects optical properties?

A

The light transmittance of some materials depend on their structural characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the aluminum oxide single crystal look like? why?

A

optically transparent because of a high degree of perfection

21
Q

what does the aluminum oxide polycrystalline material look like? why?

A

optically translucent because it has many small grains

22
Q

what does the aluminum oxide polycrystalline material look like?

A

it’s optically opaque since it has some porosity

23
Q

What does it mean for a material to be a single crystal?

A

the arrangement is periodic in all of the space of any size

24
Q

Why are some crystals translucent?

A

there are grain boundaries that separate each section of crystal (each section is a single crystal)

25
Q

What would happen if a steel bar was stressed and immersed in sea water?

A

It would form stress- corrosion cracking

26
Q

Why does stress-corrosion cracking form?

A

When you put stress into something it has high energy to it cracks to get back to low energy

27
Q

What kind of material has the most deteriorative properties? why?

A

metals since they’re the most reactive with oxygen

28
Q

What is the relationship between heat treating and stress-corrosion cracking?

A

Crack growth is diminished by heat treating

29
Q

Why does heat treatment work?

A

If you have a deformed metal and you heat it, energy is high, so atoms can be moved without cracking a lot

30
Q

What are the 4 material requirements for artificial joins?

A
  1. Biocompatible– minimum rejection by surrounding body tissue
  2. Chemically inert to body fluids
  3. Mechanical strength to support forces generated
  4. Good lubricity and high wear resistance between articulating surfaces
31
Q

Parts of an artificial hip replacement
Femoral stem?
Head (ball)?
Shell?
Liner?

A

Femoral stem: inserted into the top of the hip bone (femur)
Head (ball): affixed to femoral step
Shell: attached to the pelvis
Liner: into which head fits

32
Q

Materials for Artificial Hip Replacement
Femoral stem?
Head (ball)?
Shell?
Liner?

A

Femoral stem: titanium or CoCrMo alloy
Head (Ball): CoCrMo alloy or Al2O3 (ceramic)
Shell: titanium alloy
Liner: polyethylene (polymer) or Al2O3 (ceramic)

33
Q

With regards to the design, production, and utilization of materials, what are the four elements to consider?

A

Processing, structure, properties, and performance

34
Q

What elements are metals composed of? Ceramics? Polymers? Composites?

A

Metals: Metallic elements
Ceramics: Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements
Polymers: Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and other nonmetallic elements.
Composites: Two different material types.

35
Q

What is an important property of semiconductors?

A

Having electrical conductivities intermediate between those of conductors and insulators

36
Q

What are smart materials?

A

those that sense and respond to changes in their environments in predetermined manners

37
Q

What is the subatomic structure?

A

involves electrons within the individual atoms, their energies and interactions with the nuclei

38
Q

What is atomic structure?

A

Relates to the organization of atoms to yield molecules or crystals

39
Q

What is nanostructure?

A

Deals with aggregates of atoms that form particles (nanoparticles) that have nanoscale dimensions (less than 100 nm)

40
Q

What is microstructure?

A

Those structural elements that are subject to direct observation using some type of microscope (structural features having dimensions between 100 nm and several millimeters)

41
Q

What is macrostructure?

A

Structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye (with scale range between several millimeters and on the order of a meter)

42
Q

What is a property?

A

A material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus

43
Q

What is a mechanical property?

A

relate deformation to an applied load or force, examples include elastic modulus (stiffness), strength, and resistance to fracture

44
Q

What is an electrical property?

A

A stimulus is an applied electric field; typical properties include electrical conductivity and dielectric constant

45
Q

What is a thermal property?

A

Are related to changes in temperature or temperature gradients across a material; examples of thermal behavior include thermal expansion and heat capacity

46
Q

What is a magnetic property?

A

The responses of a material to the application of a magnetic field; common magnetic properties include magnetic susceptibility and magnetization

47
Q

What are optical properties?

A

The stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation; index of refraction and reflectivity are representative optical properties

48
Q

What are deteriorative characteristics?

A

Relate to the chemical reactivity of materials; for example, the corrosion resistance of metals

49
Q
A

Elements (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions