Chapter 1

Question 1

Equilibrium

Answer 1

at equilibrium, one is a pool of amino acids, nucleotides, and other small molecules (I would be unable to function if I were at equilibrium)

Question 2

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 2

The most obvious form of information in living systems. The information of which directs synthesis of cellular components.

Question 3

Nucleotides

Answer 3

What makes up DNA.

Question 4

What does the retention of conserved characteristics imply (and example)?

Answer 4

That they have a fundamental role in the survival of that organism. Example:(homeodomain proteins)

Question 5

7 Characteristics Shared by all Living Systems

Answer 5

1 - Cullular organization; 2 - Ordered complexity; 3 - Sensitivity; 4 - Growth, development, and reproduction; 5 - Energy utilization; 6 - Homeostasis; 7 - Evolutionary adaptation

Question 6

Cellular Organization

Answer 6

Is made up of cells.

Question 7

Ordered Complexity

Answer 7

Is made up of many different kinds of cells and complex molecular structure.

Question 8

Sensitivity

Answer 8

Responds to stimuli.

Question 9

Growth, Development, and Reproduction

Answer 9

Is capable of reproducing (contains hereditary molecules)

Question 10

Energy Utilization

Answer 10

Takes in energy and uses it to perform work.

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

Maintains balance internally (ex. body temperature is maintained regardless of external temperatures).

Question 12

Evolutionary Adaptation

Answer 12

Interacts with the environment in ways that influence their survival ( and the survival of their species).

Question 13

The Hierarchical Organization of Living Systems (Five levels)

Answer 13

1 - Cellular Level
2 - Organismal Level
3 - Population Level
4 - Ecosystem Level
5 - Biosphere

Question 14

The Cellular Level

Answer 14

Atoms are joined into cluster to form molecules.

Question 15

The Organismal Level

Answer 15

tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Question 16

Tissues

Answer 16

groups of similar cells function as a unit

Question 17

Organs

Answer 17

body structures composed of many (different) tissues that acts as a functional unit

Question 18

Organ systems + example

Answer 18

groups of organs (ex. nervous system = sensory organs, brain, spinal chord, and neurons)

Question 19

The population level

Answer 19

population, species, and biological community

Question 20

Population + example

Answer 20

a group of same-species organisms living in the same place (ex. bumblebees)

Question 21

Species

Answer 21

Organisms similar in appearance and able to interbreed

Question 22

Biological community

Answer 22

All populations of different species living together in one place

Question 23

The ecosystem level

Answer 23

the highest tier of Biological organization (populations interact with each other and their physical environment)

Question 24

Ecosystem

Answer 24

what populations and their environment constitute

Question 25

The Biosphere

Answer 25

What the entire planet Earth can be thought of as

Question 26

emergent properties

Answer 26

novel properties arising from the way in which components interact (cannot be deduced solely from knowledge o the individual components).

Question 27

Descriptive science + example

Answer 27

Observation led (ex. biodiversity and trying to classify all life on earth)

Question 28

Deductive reasoning + example

Answer 28

applies general principles to predict specific results (ex. Eratosthenes using Euclidean Geometry and deduction reasoning to ACCURATELY estimate the circumference of the Earth)

Question 29

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 29

Uses observations to construct general scientific principles

Question 30

Hypothesis

Answer 30

Suggested explanation for an observation(s). (proposition that might be true)

Question 31

Experiments

Answer 31

test hypotheses

Question 32

Variables

Answer 32

factor that influences a process, outcome, or observation

Question 33

Control group

Answer 33

stays constant (variable of interest)

Question 34

Experimental treatment

Answer 34

where variable of interest is altered

Question 35

Homologous

Answer 35

same evolutionary origin, but now differ in structure and function

Question 36

Analogous + example

Answer 36

have similar function, but different evolutionary origins (ex. wings of birds and butterflies)