CHAPTER 1

Question 1

define anatomy

Answer 1

studies the structure of the body parts and their relationships to one another. body structures can be seen, felt, and examined closely

Question 2

define physiology

Answer 2

studies the function of the body. explains how the body parts work and how they carry out sustaining activities.

Question 3

gross/macroscopic anatomy

Answer 3

the study of large body structures that are visible to the naked eye (heart, kidneys, lungs)

Question 4

regional anatomy

Answer 4

body structures such as muscles, blood vessels, bones, tissues etc in a specific region are examined at once

Question 5

systemic anatomy

Answer 5

body structure is studied by specific system (cardiovascular system-you would examine the heart and blood vessels throughout the entire body)

Question 6

surface anatomy

Answer 6

study of internal structures as they relate to the underlying skin surface (bulging muscles from a body builder)

Question 7

microscopic anatomy

Answer 7

studies the structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Some body structures too thin to be seen are studied through microscopes.

Question 8

cytology

Answer 8

the study of the cells in the body

Question 9

histology

Answer 9

the study of tissue

Question 10

developmental anatomy

Answer 10

traces the structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Question 11

embryology

Answer 11

the study of developmental changes that occur before birth

Question 12

chemical level

Answer 12

simplest; atoms, molecules, organelles, cells

Question 13

cellular level

Answer 13

many different sizes, shapes, which reflect their functions

Question 14

tissue level

Answer 14

groups of similar cells that have similar functions

Question 15

organ level

Answer 15

structures that are made up of 3 or more tissue types

Question 16

organ system

Answer 16

organs that work closely together

Question 17

organismal level

Answer 17

highest level, all structural levels working together to promote life

Question 18

4 tissue types

Answer 18

epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective

Question 19

5 things an organism needs to maintain life

Answer 19

movement, metabolism, excretion, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, digestion

Question 20

survival needs

Answer 20

nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, and appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 21

homeostasis

Answer 21

ability to maintain a stable internal environment even though the outside environment is continuously changing. in order for this to happen and be maintained, communication within body is needed. Two systems help maintain this: nervous system and endocrine system

Question 22

receptor

Answer 22

some type of sensor that monitors the environment and responds to changes (stimuli) by sending information (input) to the 2nd component through the afferent pathway

Question 23

control center

Answer 23

determines the level or range at which the variable is to be maintained. it analyzes the input and determines the appropriate response

Question 24

effector

Answer 24

provides the means for the control centers response (output) to the stimulus. Info flows from the CC to effector through efferent pathway. This response is in the “feedback”

Question 25

negative feedback loop

Answer 25

control mechanism that is shut off. it is a sudden change that affects homeostasis. most body mechanisms is this. prevents sudden severe changes within the body (ex; body temp, regulation of heart, regulation of BP)

Question 26

positive feedback loop

Answer 26

control mechanism that enhances reaction (continues at faster rate) until ultimate goal is reached. controls infrequent events. on until turned off. does not require continuous adjustments. Blood clotting and labor are examples