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Speech Sound Disorders > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Speech Sound Disorders

A

-Persistent, unintelligible speech consisting of phoneme addition, omission, distortion, or substitution
-Which interferes with verbal communication for purposes of social participation, academic performance, and or occupational performance. (means different things throughout the lifespan)
-The onset of symptoms occur in early childhood
-And is not attributable to an acquired mental or neurological condition (such as brain injury)

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2
Q

Etiology

A

is the child’s speech atypical?

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3
Q

Assessment

A

How do we determine what kind of SSD

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4
Q

Treatment

A

How do we remediate the specific type of SSD

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5
Q

Difference between Speech and Language

A

Can have language without speech and speech without language

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6
Q

Speech

A

the production of the mechanism

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7
Q

Langauge

A

the listeners input and how they convey what is said
- bound based (culture, geographically, etc)

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8
Q

Phonemic

A

-studies the way we understand sounds
-allophones, intonation, syllables, assimilation, juncture, swaps

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9
Q

Phonetic

A

studies the actual sounds we produce in speech
- vocal tract, phonation type, characteristics of sound, lisps, distortion of sound

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10
Q

phonemes

A

(written in virgules / /) : the smallest unit of sound that signals change in meaning (/bit/ vs /pit/)

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11
Q

Phonemic Variation

A

(written in brackets [ ]) refers to details in the signal that does not necessarily indicate change in a phonemic category. (ex. aspiration)

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12
Q

Allophones

A

refer within-category variants (in the above example, [p] and p^h] are allophones of /p/)

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13
Q

Morphemes

A

the smallest unit of sound that signals meaning (ex. 2 morphemes in “cats” -’cat’ and plural ‘s’)

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14
Q

Articulation

A

-major aspects contribute to SSD
-Phonetic level
-Unable to produce the sounds

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15
Q

Phonology

A

-Linguistic aspects contribute to SSD
-Phonemic level
-Unable to recognise patterns in speech

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16
Q

Respiration

A

we speak on exhaled air, can have speech breakdowns if not having proper breaths

17
Q

Phonation

A

by closing our vocal folds over exhaled air, we vibrate the outward airflow, what produces the precept of voice, voice/unvoiced

18
Q

Articulation

A

we use the different configurations of out vocal tract to modulate the airflow
-ex. dropping your velum and closing your mouth

19
Q

Resonance

A

we use the different configurations of our oral/nasal cavities to modulate the resonance

20
Q

Vowels

A
  • produced with no direct constriction of expired airflow
    tends to be louder and longer in duration than consonants
    -described by height/forwardness/backness
21
Q

Consonants

A

-produced with varying degrees of constriction of expired airflow
-airflow turbulent for obstruents
-airflow laminar for sonorants
-described by the articulators involved in production

22
Q

Front vowels

A

/i/, /e/, /æ/, /ɛ/

23
Q

Central Vowels

A

/ə/, /ʌ/

24
Q

Back Vowels

A

/u/, /o/, /ʊ/, /ɔ/ (rounded)

25
Q

Mid Central

A

/ə/, /ʌ/

26
Q

High Front

A

/i/

27
Q

High Back

A

/u/, /ʊ/

28
Q

Mid Front

A

/e/, /ɛ/

29
Q

Mid Back

A

/ɔ/, /o/

30
Q

Low Back

A

/a/

31
Q

Low Front

A

/æ/

32
Q

Consonant Articulation: Manner

A

-Stops: airflow stopped (p, b, t, d, k, g)
-Fricatives: partial obstruction of airflow (f, v, s, z, h, θ,ð,ʒ,ʃ)
-Affricates: combination stop + fricative (tʃ, dʒ)
-Nasals: Airflow diverted through the nasal cavity (n, m, ŋ)
-Liquid: airflow narrowly constricted (l, r)
-Glides: airflow narrowly constricted/more about transitions (w, v)

33
Q

Consonant Articulation:Acoustic Properties

A

-Stops: silence followed by burst, low volume, short duration
- Fricatives + Affricates: high frequency spectra, medium volume, short(ish) duration
-Nasals: low frequency spectra, medium volume, medium duration
-Liquids + Glides: low-frequency spectra, high volume, medium duration

34
Q

What kind of errors are more common: vowels or consonants?

A

Consonants, more articulators aka more room for error, muscle strength, size of mouth, no constriction, vowels last longer, consonants are constantly changing.

35
Q

Coarticulation

A

-speech sounds are not produced in isolation
- refers to the temporal overlap in motor gestures involved in speech production

Speech Sound Disorders (1 decks)

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