Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the 1900s definition of Public Health?

Answer 1

The science and art in preventing disease, prolong life, and promote health

Question 2

What is the 2000s definition of Public Health?

Answer 2

Organizing community efforts at the prevention of disease

Question 3

Equity

Answer 3

providing people with resources so everyone gets the same chance/resources

Question 4

Health Protection

Answer 4

(Antiquity—1830s)
Focus: authoritative control over individual and social behaviors
Action: religious and cultural practices and prohibited behavior
Notable Events: quarantine for epidemics, sexual prohibitions for less STD’s, dietary restrictions

Question 5

Hygiene Movement

Answer 5

(1840-1870s)
Focus: sanitary conditions to improve health
Action: environmental action for communities from health care
Notable Events: snow in cholera, semmelweis and puerperal fever, vital statistics for public health and epidemiology

Question 6

Contagion Control

Answer 6

(1880-1940s)
Focus: germ theory
Action: communicable disease control through vaccines, sanatoriums, outbreak investigations in general population
Notable Events: linkage of epidemiology, bacteriology, and immunology to form TB sanatoriums; outbreak investigations

Question 7

Filling Holes in the Medical Care System

Answer 7

(1950s-mid-1980s)
Focus: Integration of control of communicable diseases, modification of risk factors, and care of high risk populations as part of medical care
Action: public system for control of specific communicable diseases, care for vulnerable populations
Notable Events: antibiotics, concept of risk factors; surgeon general reports on cigarette smoking; Framingham study on cardiovascular risks; health maintenance organizations and community health centers

Question 8

Health Promotion/Disease Prevention

Answer 8

(Mid-1980s-2000)
Focus: individual behavior and disease detection in vulnerable and general populations
Action: clinical and population oriented prevention with focus on individual control of decision making and intervention
Notable Events: AIDS epidemic and need for multiple interventions to reduce risk

Question 9

Population Health

Answer 9

(2000s)
Focus: coordination of public health and healthcare delivery based upon shared evidence based systems thinking
Action: evidence based recommendations and information management, focus on harms and costs, benefits of interventions
Notable Events: evidence based medicine and public health information technology, antibiotic resistance, global collaboration
Ex: climate change, one health, tobacco contro

Question 10

What is Population Health? Who does it include?

Answer 10

Broader than public health, stresses collaboration with health professions, delivery professional, and other professions that deal with health

Includes nurses, pharmacists, drivers to hospitals, etc

Question 11

High Risk Approach

Answer 11

focuses on those with highest probability of developing disease and aims to being their risk close to the rest of populations

Question 12

Improving the average approach

Answer 12

focuses on the entire population and aims to reduce the risk for everyone

Question 13

What Do We Mean by Population Health’s Focus on the Life Cycle?

Answer 13

Health risks extend from prenatal to postmortal, Age is single more important factor influencing cases of death and disability

Question 14

What Are the Approaches Available to Protect and Promote Health?

Answer 14

Health Care, Traditional Public Health, and Social Interventions

Question 15

Health Care

Answer 15

clinical preventive services like vaccinations, behavioral counseling, screening for disease, and preventive medications

Question 16

Traditional Public Health

Answer 16

communicable disease control, control of environmental hazards, food and drug safety, reduction in risk factors for disease

Question 17

Social Interventions

Answer 17

interventions that improve environment, increase education, alter nutrition, address socioeconomic disparities through tax law changes

Question 18

What Changes in Populations Over Time Can Affect Health?

Answer 18

Demographic transition, Epidemiological/public health transition,
Nutritional transition

Question 19

Four Components of Public Health

Answer 19

Health Issues, Population, Society’s shared health concerns, and Society’s Vulnerable Groups

Question 20

Full Spectrum of Population Health

Answer 20

population health -> healthcare systems <-> traditional public health <-> social policy