Chapter 1 Flashcards
Internuclear Distance
The distance between two nuclei
Electronegativity
How strongly an atom attracts shared electrons
Covalent bonds
electrons shared between two atoms, where electronegativity difference is less than 0.5
Polar bonds
electrons shared between two atoms with electronegativity difference between 0.5 and 1.7
Ionic bonds
The electrons are not really shared, the two atoms
differ in electronegativity by more than 1.7, and so the more electronegative atoms own the electrons
Wave function
functions that relate the locations of an electron in a given point in space to the amplitude of a wave, which corresponds to its energy
Wave equation
an expression describing the position of an electron in space and time
Atomic Orbital
a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom.
electron density
used to refer to the probability of finding an electron
Node
a point or plane of zero electron density in an orbital
Aufbau principle
dictates the manner in which electrons are filled in the atomic orbitals of an atom in its ground state. It states that electrons are filled into atomic orbitals in the increasing order of orbital energy level.
Pauli exclusion Principle
No two electrons can hold the same direction in orbital space, one arrow up one arrow down
Hund’s rule
Every orbital must be singly occupied before another electron is placed into it. All up arrows before and down arrows
Constructive interference
When the max of two waves come together to form a larger wave
Destructive interference
When waves come together to cancel each other out
