Chapter 1

Question 1

Internuclear Distance

Answer 1

The distance between two nuclei

Question 2

Electronegativity

Answer 2

How strongly an atom attracts shared electrons

Question 3

Covalent bonds

Answer 3

electrons shared between two atoms, where electronegativity difference is less than 0.5

Question 4

Polar bonds

Answer 4

electrons shared between two atoms with electronegativity difference between 0.5 and 1.7

Question 5

Ionic bonds

Answer 5

The electrons are not really shared, the two atoms
differ in electronegativity by more than 1.7, and so the more electronegative atoms own the electrons

Question 6

Wave function

Answer 6

functions that relate the locations of an electron in a given point in space to the amplitude of a wave, which corresponds to its energy

Question 7

Wave equation

Answer 7

an expression describing the position of an electron in space and time

Question 8

Atomic Orbital

Answer 8

a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom.

Question 9

electron density

Answer 9

used to refer to the probability of finding an electron

Question 10

Node

Answer 10

a point or plane of zero electron density in an orbital

Question 11

Aufbau principle

Answer 11

dictates the manner in which electrons are filled in the atomic orbitals of an atom in its ground state. It states that electrons are filled into atomic orbitals in the increasing order of orbital energy level.

Question 12

Pauli exclusion Principle

Answer 12

No two electrons can hold the same direction in orbital space, one arrow up one arrow down

Question 13

Hund’s rule

Answer 13

Every orbital must be singly occupied before another electron is placed into it. All up arrows before and down arrows

Question 14

Constructive interference

Answer 14

When the max of two waves come together to form a larger wave

Question 15

Destructive interference

Answer 15

When waves come together to cancel each other out

Question 16

Sigma bonds

Answer 16

the bonded electrons that are overlapping in the atomic orbital space

Question 17

Steric Number

Answer 17

the number of atoms bonded to a central atom of a molecule plus the number of lone pairs attached to the central atom

Question 18

Protic solvent

Answer 18

when a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom

Question 19

Aprotic

Answer 19

incapable of acting as a proton donor

Question 20

Temporary Dipole

Answer 20

when there is a lot of random motion within a molecule that results in an uneven balance of the positive charge of the nuclei

Question 21

If Steric number is 4

Answer 21

sp3

Question 22

if Steric number is 3

Answer 22

sp2

Question 23

If steric number is 2

Answer 23

sp

Question 24

H-Bonding

Answer 24

the attractive forces between a H bonded to an electronegative atom ( N, O, F ) and a lone pair on another electronegative atom

Question 25

Molecular geometry

Answer 25

describes only the atoms bonded to the central atom