Chapter 1

Question 1

What is epidemiology?

Answer 1

study of distribution and
determinants of health-related
states or events in human
populations
AND the application of this study to prevent and control health
problem

Question 2

What do Epidemiologists do?

Answer 2

1. Search for the cause of disease
2. Identify people at risk
3. Determine how to control or stop the
   spread and/or prevent it from happening
   again
   Source: CDC

Question 3

What are some examples of things Epidemiologists study?

Answer 3

Monitoring and tracking the monkeypox outbreak
* Studying violence epidemiology and monitoring mass shootings
* Tracking an increase in lead poisoning in a small town
* Monitoring and tracking the increase in hepatitis in young children
with an unknown etiology
* Create a recommended plan for local schools for COVID protocols
* Surveillance of chronic diseases such as diabetes, CVD, and obesity
* Identifying who is at most risk of a given disease or health event
* Determining when the next flu season will begin

Question 4

How many types of epidemiology are there? Name them.

Answer 4

2; descriptive epidemiology and analytic epidemiology

Question 5

What is descriptive epidemiology?

Answer 5

Characterization of the distribution of health-related events
* According to the characteristics of person, place, time
* For us, Chapters 1-

Question 6

What is analytic epidemiology?

Answer 6

Finding and quantifying associations
* Testing hypothesis
* Identifying causes

Question 7

What is efficacy and effectiveness?

Question 8

What is frequency, distribution and determinants?

Answer 8

Frequency: how often
Distribution: patterns (person, place, time)
Determinants: factors that bring about change
healthy > sick OR sick > healthy

Question 9

What is a case?

Answer 9

A case is a person in a population who has been identified
as having the disease/disorder/condition

Question 10

FOMITE

Answer 10

Inanimate (nonliving) object that can harbor an infectious agent
and is capable of being a means of transmission
* Door handle, piece of clothing, eating utensil

Question 11

Vector

Answer 11

A living intermediary that transmits infection from one host to
another (or one reservoir to a host)
* Tick, mite, mosquito

Question 12

Reservoir

Answer 12

The habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows,
and multiplies, which can include humans, animals, or the environment
* Humans (e.g. smallpox, HIV/AIDS), food, feces, decaying organic matter

Question 13

Epi Triangle (Infectious Disease)

Answer 13

Host…Infectious Agent…Environment

Question 14

Types of prevention

Answer 14

Primary. Secondary, Tertiary

Question 15

Primary

Answer 15

Preventing a disease before it happens
* E.g. vaccinations, lifestyle changes, education, sanitation, etc

Question 16

Secondary

Answer 16

Attempting to block the progression of disease/disability/death
* E.g. mammograms, colonoscopies, etc

Question 17

Tertiary

Answer 17

Attempting to prevent extreme disease/disorder or death
* E.g. chemotherapy, rehabilitation

Question 18

Limits to prevention

Answer 18

1.Biological
* The human body eventually gives out.
* 2. Technological
* We only have so much medical technology.
* 3. Ethical
* What laws, etc. are ethical to require people to
engage in disease prevention?
* 4. Economic
* Prevention is limited by the amount of money
put into it.