Chapter 1

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

Fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

Deals with the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues

Question 3

Lesion

Answer 3

Pathologic or traumatic discontinuity of a body organ or tissue

Question 4

Sequelae

Answer 4

Lesions or impairments that follow or are caused by disease

Question 5

Diagnosis

Answer 5

The designation as to the nature of a health problem.

Question 6

Diagnostic Process

Answer 6

Requires a careful history, physical exam, & Diagnostic tests

Question 7

Normal value

Answer 7

Represents the test results that fall within the bell curve or the 95% distribution

Question 8

Laboratory parameters are interpretated based on:

Answer 8

Reliability, Validity, Sensitivity, & Specificity of the measurement

Question 9

Validity

Answer 9

Refers to the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure

Question 10

Reliability

Answer 10

Refers to the extent to which an observation, if repeated gives the same result

Question 11

Standardization

Answer 11

Aimed at increasing the trueness and reliability of measured values

Question 12

Sensitivity

Answer 12

Refers to the proportion of people who are positive for that disease on a given test or observation (True Positive Result)

Question 13

Specificity

Answer 13

Refers to the proportion of people without the disease who are negative on a given test or observation (True Negative Result)

Question 14

Predictive Value

Answer 14

Extent to which an observation or test result is able to predict the presence of a given disease or condition

Question 15

Positive Predictive Value

Answer 15

Refers to the proportion of true positive results that occurs in a given population

Question 16

Negative Predictive Value

Answer 16

Refers to the true negative observations in a population

Question 17

Acute Disorder

Answer 17

One that is relatively severe, but self limiting

Question 18

Chronic Disease

Answer 18

Can run a continuous course or present with exacerbations and remissions

Question 19

Exacerbations

Answer 19

Aggravation of symptoms & severity of disease

Question 20

Remissions

Answer 20

A period during which there is a decrease in severity & symptoms

Question 21

Subacute disease

Answer 21

Intermediate between acute & chronic

Question 22

Preclinical stage

Answer 22

Disease is not clinically evident but is destined to progress to clinical disease

Question 23

Subclinical disease

Answer 23

Not clinically apparent & not destined to be clinically apparent. Diagnosed with antibody or culture tests

Question 24

Clinical disease

Answer 24

Manifested by signs & symptoms

Question 25

Clinical course

Answer 25

Describes the evolution of a disease

Question 26

Etiology

Answer 26

Causes of disease. What sets the disease in motion

Question 27

Pathogenesis

Answer 27

Describes what how the disease process evolves. Sequence of cellular & tissue events

Question 28

Epidemiology

Answer 28

Refers to the study of disease in populations

Question 29

Incidence

Answer 29

The number of new cases arising in a given population during a specified time

Question 30

Prevalence

Answer 30

Number of people in a population who have a particular disease at a given point in time or period

Question 31

Morbidity

Answer 31

Describes the effects an illness has on a person’s life. It is concerned with incidence of disease, persistence & long term consequences

Question 32

Mortality

Answer 32

Death. Statistics provide information about the cause of death in a given population

Question 33

Risk Factors

Answer 33

Conditions suspected of contributing to the development of a disease

Question 34

What studies are used to determine risk factors?

Answer 34

Cross-sectional, case-control, & Cohort studies

Question 35

Natural history

Answer 35

Refers to the progression & projected outcome of a disease without medical intervention

Question 36

Prognosis

Answer 36

Probable outcome & prospect of recovery from a disease