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Building Construction > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or approving equipment, materials, installation, or a procedure.

A

Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)

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2
Q

The use of a single organization to design and build a facility to minimize risk for the project owner. May also refer to a ______-_____ firm.

A

Design-Build

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3
Q

Guidelines applied to basic units of a project that cause the items to work together as a unified completely finished item that serves a purpose within established parameters. Units can include the materials concepts and setting.

A

Design Principles

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4
Q

The set of rules developed by standards organizations and adopted as law by a government body to regulate the minimum requirements for construction, renovation, and maintenance of buildings.

A

Building Code

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5
Q

Authorization issued from the appropriate AHJ before any new construction addition, renovation, alteration, or demolition of buildings or structures occurs.

A

Building Permit

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6
Q

Group of people usually 5 to 7 with experience in fire prevention, building construction, and or code enforcement who are legally constituted to arbitrate differences of opinion between fire and building officials, property owners, occupants, or builders.

A

Board of Appeals

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7
Q

Strategy to reduce the overall time for completion of a project by merging the design and construction phases. Often used in conjunction with design build.

A

Fast-track Construction

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8
Q

Assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response also known as preplan.

A

Pre-incident Survey

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9
Q

Active appearing to manage an incident at a particular location or particular type of incident before an incident occurs also known as pre-fire inspection, pre-fire, planning pre-incident inspection, pre-Internet survey, or pre-planning.

A

Pre-incident Planning

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10
Q

Code that is dedicated to providing safety regulations for life, safety, structural and fire protection issues that occur throughout the life of a building.

A

International Building Code (IBC)

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11
Q

Organization that develops the IBC and IFC for city and state adoption. Was formed by the merger of the BOCA international Inc., the ICBO, and the SBCCI.

A

International Code Counsel (ICC)

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12
Q

Incapable of supporting combustion under normal circumstances.

A

Noncombustible

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13
Q

The total quantity of combustible contents of a building space or fire area, including interior finish and trim, expressed in heat units of the equivalent weight in wood.

A

Fuel Load

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14
Q

Total amount of heat produced or released to the atmosphere from the convective lift phase of a fire per unit mass of fuel consume per unit time. Heat released when a material burns expressed in kilowatts or British thermal units.

A

Heat Release Rate (HRR)

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15
Q

Federal statute intended to remove barriers physical and otherwise that limit access by individuals with disabilities.

A

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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16
Q

Space protected from fire in the normal means of egress either by an approved sprinkler system separation from other spaces within the same building by smoke proof walls or location in an adjacent building. 2. Area where persons who are unable to use the stairs can temporarily wait for instructions or assistance during an emergency building evacuation.

A

Area of Refuge

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17
Q

Distance from the street line to the front of a building.

A

Setback

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18
Q

Process of restoring run down or deteriorated properties by more affluent people, often displacing poorer residents.

A

Gentrification

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19
Q

Incorporation of environmental principles, including energy, efficient and environmentally friendly building materials into design and construction.

A

Green Design

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20
Q

Building built before securing a tenant or occupant.

A

Spec Building

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21
Q

Branch of philosophy, dealing with the nature of beauty, art and taste.

A

Aesthetics

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22
Q

Large, uncontrollable fire, covering a considerable area and crossing fire barriers, such as streets and waterways; usually involves buildings in more than one block and causes a substantial fire loss. Forest fires can also be considered conflagrations.

A

Conflagration

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23
Q

The movement of fire from one material to another. May occur within a compartment or across the break.

A

Fire Spread

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24
Q

Flow of heat from a hot substance to a cold substance; may be accomplished by convection, conduction, or radiation.

A

Heat Transfer

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25
Q

Transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluids or gases, usually in an upward direction.

A

Convection

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26
Q

Transmission or transfer of heat energy from one body to another body at a lower temperature through intervening space by electromagnetic waves similar to radio waves, or x-rays.

A

Thermal Radiation

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27
Q

Structures or separate parts of the fire ground to which a fire could spread. 2. The heat effect from an external fire that might cause ignition of or damage to an exposed building.

A

Exposure

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28
Q

Line area or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area.
Combustion - a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat, and usually like in the form of either a glow or flame.

A

Wildland/Urban Interface

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29
Q

Computer software application that relates physical features on the earth to a database to be used for mapping and analysis. The system captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that refers to or is linked to a location.

A

Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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30
Q

Factors such as technology and economics affect the c____________ and m__________ used at structures in any specific time and place.

A

configuration and materials

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31
Q

The building’s design and construction is a process that begins as an idea and ends with a substantial structure. The process may take weeks or years and requires many resources including: (5 things)
L_____ e______
T_______ k________
F_______ r_______
M________ s_____
C_______ t_______

A

Legal expertise
Technical knowledge
Financial resources
Management skills
Creative talent

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32
Q

Buildings are diverse. In some cases, the reasons behind building design features may shift with t_____, a__________ and u________.

A

time, availability and utility.

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33
Q

A design-build firm is usually a ___________ __________ with __________s and ____________s on staff.

A

general contractor with architects and engineers

34
Q

During the concept phase, the variables may be discussed in terms of D____________ p______________.

A

DESIGN PRINCIPLES.

35
Q

Frank Lloyd Wright called buildings, “__________ for living.”

A

machines

36
Q

Louis A. Sullivan - stately commercial buildings. “F____ f_______ f________.”

A

“Form follows function.”

37
Q

An architect will use _________ ______ relevant to the jurisdiction as a p________ resource when choosing major building aspects and eliminating alternatives.

A

Building Codes
primary

38
Q

Using established resources reduces the ____ and ____ of the design work.

A

time and cost

39
Q

In addition to architecture, the major engineering specialties required during building construction activities include: (5 specialties).

A

Civil Engineering
Structural Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Fire Protection Engineering

40
Q

Engineering specialty including: Water supply. Sanitary sewers. Surveying. Site prep and excavation. Roadways. Storm water drainage.

A

Civil Engineering

41
Q

Engineering specialty including: Determination of loads. Foundation design. Structural behavior. Structural members. Structural erection.

A

Structural Engineering

42
Q

Engineering specialty including: HVAC. Pumping systems. Elevators. Plumbing.

A

Mechanical Engineering

43
Q

Engineering specialty including: Lighting. Power. Communications.

A

Electrical Engineering

44
Q

Engineering specialty including: Auto sprinklers. Standpipes. Fire alarm. Smoke control. Building code compliance.

A

Fire Protection Engineering

45
Q

The final consideration in the building design process is _____________.

A

Landscaping

46
Q

The lending institutions’ tech requirements will necessitate a review of the architect’s design drawings and may include engineering docs such as:
(3 things)

A

Land surveys. Preliminary budgets. Soil test reports.

47
Q

If a building official rejects a proposed building design, an architect may appeal the decision to the ________ of __________.

A

BOARD OF APPEALS.

48
Q

When the FD is involved in the planning process, fire safety issues can be addressed before construction begins. Identifying and correcting problems before construction improves________ and _____ ___________.

A

efficiency and cost effectiveness.

49
Q

Inspections take place during _____________ and upon a project’s ____________.

A

construction, completion

50
Q

During inspections, the following building features may be tested for function and compliance with standards and code:
M__________
S__________
C___________.

A

Materials (ie. concrete).
Systems (ie. fire pumps).
Components (ie. emergency generators).

51
Q

FD involvement in new construction testing and inspection provides the FD with first-hand info from a _____-________ _________ that is useful in ____-_________ ________.

A

PRE-INCIDENT SURVEY, PRE-INCIDENT PLANNING.

52
Q

In some cases, a building may be exempt from current code requirements. IEBC - I__________ E_________ B__________ C_______.

A

International Existing Building Code.

53
Q

Occupancy changes may not be required to comply with current codes if the new occupancy class is considered to be a _________ hazard than the original use.

A

lesser

54
Q

Depending on the extent of the renovation, the owners may have to bring the building to code. A building dept. should watch out for any of the following potential dangerous changes:

1 Removal or penetration of b_______ walls.
2 Modification of b____ or t______.
3 Structural overloading of r_____.
4 Creation of m_________ floors in attic spaces.
5 R_______ additions.
6 Remodeling that creates additional v_____.
7 Illegal remodeling or overloading that causes extreme hazards.
8 Subdivision of existing spaces that creates maze-like floor plans.

A

1 bearing
2 beams or trusses
3 roofs
4 mezzanine
5 rooftop
6 voids

55
Q

A ________ ____ is a body of law that determines the minimum standards that buildings must meet in the interest of community safety and health.

A

building code

56
Q

_____ _____ are not intended to address all features unique to a jurisdiction, so the AHJ may amend a _____ ____ through appropriate legislation to suit local conditions.

A

Model codes
model code

57
Q

The IBC is successor to 3 earlier model codes:

A

UBC - Uniform Building Code (ICBO)
SBC - Standard Building Code (SBCCI)
BOCA - Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCAI)

58
Q

UBC

A

Uniform Building Code - International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO).

59
Q

SBC

A

Standard Building Code - Southern Building Code Congress International. (SBCCI).

60
Q

BOCA

A

Building Officials and Code Administrators - Building Officials and Code Admins International.

61
Q

The most widely used model building code in the US:

A

INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE (IBC)

62
Q

INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL (ICC). The IBC has a companion fire code, the _____________ ____ ____.

A

International Fire Code.

63
Q

Some jurisdictions may adopt and use codes developed by the NFPA:

A

NFPA 1 - Uniform Fire Code.
NFPA 5000 - Building Construction and Safety Code.
NFPA 101 - Life Safety Code.

64
Q

NFPA 1

A

Uniform Fire Code.

65
Q

NFPA 5000

A

Building Construction and Safety Code.

66
Q

NFPA 101

A

Life Safety Code.

67
Q

In Canada, a widely used building code is the ________ _______ ____ of ______ by National Research Council of Canada.

A

National Building Code of Canada

68
Q

Significant portions of building codes are also devoted to fire safety because buildings include many features that affect fire behavior. Provisions address the following elements: (9)

A

Structural fire resistance.
Flammability of interior finishes.
Adequacy of means of egress.
Enclosure of vertical openings.
Fire protection systems.
Exposure protection.
Occupancy separation.
Electrical systems.
Natural gas.

69
Q

Many safety codes are developed in reaction to catastrophic incidents. Numerous occupational safety standards and regulations address the inherent danger of fire fighting. The most prominent of these comes from the ____ and ____.

A

NFPA and OSHA

70
Q

The US Fire Administration maintains a national map that indicates location and frequency of ____ __________.

A

fire fatalities.

71
Q

Life safety codes require that specific types of structures include fire-and smoke-resistant features. Occupant safety must also be considered in the following areas:

A

Design of stairs and walking surfaces.
Balcony railings.
Overhead obstacles.
Electrical systems (electrical shock prevention).
Elevator operation.

72
Q

The following are life safety considerations for the first responders and the public during a structural incident:

A

Annunciator panels should be easliy viewed near entrances to help company officers know the type and location of the alarm.

Standpipe connections must have standard threads to ensure compatibility with FD equipment.

Generator systems must have a switch that takes circuits offline to prevent feedback to unintended areas.

Air handling units that recirculate interior air must address air quality during incidents.

73
Q

First the insurance industry, then model building code publishers began to classify buildings by their construction type. More currently the IBC establishes numerical designations for the following construction types:

A

Type I - Fire-Resistive.

Type II - Protected NONCOMBUSTIBLE or
Non-combustible.

Type III - Exterior Protected (Masonry or Ordinary).

Type IV - Heavy Timber.

Type V - Wood Frame.

74
Q

Type I

A

Fire-Resistive.

75
Q

Type II

A

Protected non-combustible or Non-combustible.

76
Q

Type III

A

Exterior Protected (Masonry or Ordinary)

77
Q

Type IV

A

Heavy Timber.

78
Q

Type V

A

Wood Frame.

79
Q

In many cases, the actual construction type is ___ _______, or multiple construction types may be used in combination.

A

not obvious

80
Q

When a building encompasses multiple construction classifications, the building should be considered to meet the ______ construction classification.

A

lesser

Building Construction (1 decks)

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