Chapter 1

Question 1

refers to the use of witnesses, records, documents,
and physical objects to support a claim in court

Answer 1

Medical Evidence

Question 2

Evidence must be ____ to the issue at hand and help prove or disprove a fact.

Answer 2

relevant

Question 3

The rules of evidence are ___ in all courts, whether civil or criminal

Answer 3

similar

Question 4

Evidence is ____ if it meets the relevancy criteria and is not excluded by the rules.

Answer 4

admissible

Question 5

____ means that the evidence has the tendency to prove or disprove a matter of fact

Answer 5

Relevancy

Question 6

______ which are unrelated to the issue, are generally not allowed as evidence unless they reasonably establish the probability or improbability of the fact in question.

Answer 6

Collateral matters

Question 7

What are the 5 types of medical evidence?

Answer 7

Real or Autoptic Evidence
Physical Evidence
Experimental Evidence
Testimonial Evidence
Documentary Evidence

Question 8

Evidence perceived by the senses, including
vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.

Limitations to presenting this
include indecency, impropriety, repulsive
objects, and offensive items.

Answer 8

Real or Autoptic Evidence

Question 8

Evidence perceived by the senses, including
vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.

Limitations to presenting autoptic evidence
include indecency, impropriety, repulsive
objects, and offensive items.

Answer 8

Real or Autoptic Evidence

Question 9

Court allows a medical witness to
conduct experiments to confirm their
allegations or corroborate their opinions.

Answer 9

Experimental Evidence

Question 10

Physician testifies in court as an ordinary
witness or expert witness.

Answer 10

Testimonial Evidence

Question 11

Ordinary witnesses provide testimony based on their perception during the physician-patient relationship.

Expert witnesses provide opinions on medical facts
based on their training and experience.

Answer 11

Testimonial Evidence

Question 12

Medical certifications, reports, opinions, and
depositions can serve as evidence.

Answer 12

Documentary Evidence

Question 13

Objects or substances found in connection with the investigation that aid in establishing identity or circumstances of a crime.

Answer 13

Physical evidence

Question 14

What are the types of physical evidence?

Answer 14

Corpus Delicti
Associative Evidence
Tracing Evidence

Question 15

Objects or substances that are part of the crime,
such as the victim’s body or recovered prohibited drugs.

Answer 15

Corpus Delicti

Question 16

Physical evidence that links a suspect to the crime,
such as weapons, tools ,garments, fingerprints, or foot impressions.

Answer 16

Associative evidence

Question 17

Physical evidence that helps locate the suspect, such as manifests, medical records, or bloodstains indicating movement direction.

Answer 17

Tracing Evidence

Question 18

It means “sufficient to establish a fact or raise a presumption unless disproved or rebutted.”

Answer 18

prima facie

Question 19

A preliminary investigation is conducted by the ___ to establish prima facie evidence for filing the case.

Answer 19

prosecuting fiscal

Question 20

Delays in court proceedings, including hearing postponements and prioritization of other cases, can further hinder the process.

Answer 20

Preservation of Evidence

Question 21

It is vital in medico-legal investigations to ensure its
INTEGRITY and USEFULNESS in court

Answer 21

Preservation of Evidence

Question 22

Physical evidence in medico-legal investigations should be preserved to maintain its value as ____

Answer 22

Court Exhibits

Question 23

Medical evidence is ____ to destruction or alteration without appropriate preservation procedures.

The _____ between evidence recovery and its presentation in court adds to the challenge of preserving evidence.

Answer 23

susceptible

time-gap

Question 24

If no scientific apparatus to
preserve evidence is available then a
rough drawing of the scene or object to be
preserve is done. It must be simple,
identifying significant items and with
exact measurement.

Answer 24

Sketching

Question 25

This is putting into words the
person or thing to be preserved. Describing
a thing requires keen observation and a
good power of attention, perception,
intelligence and experience.

Answer 25

Description

Question 26

In a miniature model of a scene or of a human body
indicating marks of the various aspects of the things to be preserved

Answer 26

Manikin Method

Question 27

A person who perceived something relevant
for proper adjudication of a case maybe a
witness in court if he has the power to
transmit to others what he perceived.

Answer 27

preservation of the mind of the witness

Question 28

Special way of treating certain type of evidence may
be necessary.

Answer 28

Special Methods

Question 29

Kinds of evidence necessary for conviction

Answer 29

Direct Evidence
Circumstantial Evidence

Question 30

That which proves the fact in dispute without the aid of any inference or presumption. The evidence presented corresponds to the precise or actual point at issue.

Answer 30

Direct Evidence

Question 31

The proof of fact or facts from which, taken either single or collectively, the existence of a particular fact in dispute maybe inferred as a necessary or probable consequence

Answer 31

Circumstantial evidence

Question 32

How does the court determine weight and sufficiency of evidence?

Answer 32

1. Preponderance of Evidence
2. Proof beyond reasonable doubt