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ANAPHY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Investigates body structure.
The term means to dissect.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Investigates processes and functions. Studies the human organism.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Studies body organ-systems

A

Systemic Physiology

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4
Q

Studies body cells

A

Cellular Physiology

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5
Q

Importance of AnaPhy

A

Understand how the body:
- responds to stimuli
- environmental changes
- environmental cues
- diseased
- injury

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6
Q

Studies body organ-systems

A

Systemic Anatomy

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7
Q

Type of Anatomy that studies body regions

A

Regional Anatomy

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8
Q

Type of Anatomy that studies external features, for example, bone projections.
Also known as superficial anatomy.

A

Surface Anatomy

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9
Q

Type of Anatomy that studies using technologies
(x-rays, ultrasound, MRI)

A

Anatomical imaging

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10
Q

Smallest level (atoms, chemical bonds, molecules)

A

Chemical

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11
Q

Cells: basic units of life
Compartments and organelles
Mitochondria, Nucleus,

A

Cellular

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12
Q

Group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substances they release

A

Tissues

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13
Q

Four broad types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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14
Q

Two or more tissue types acting together to perform functions.
(stomach, heart, liver, ovary, bladder, kidney)

A

Organs

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15
Q

Group of organs contributing to some function.
(digestive system, reproductive system)

A

Organ-System

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16
Q

All organ systems working together (includes associated microorganisms such as intestinal bactera)

A

Organism

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17
Q

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D.

A

Integumentary System

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18
Q

Consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

A

Integumentary System

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19
Q

Provide protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue. (bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints)

A

Skeletal System

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20
Q

Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat. It consists of muscles attached to the connective tissue sheets or the skeleton by tendons.

A

Muscular System

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21
Q

A major regulatory system that detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions.
(brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors).

A

Nervous System

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22
Q

A major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions.

A

Endocrine System

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23
Q

Consists of endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, gonads, and other tissues that secrete hormones.

A

Endocrine System

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24
Q

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and regulation of body temperature.
(heart, blood vessels, blood).

A

Cardiovascular System

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25
Q

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph.
Combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract.

A

Lymphatic System

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26
Q

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air. It regulates blood pH.
(lungs, diaphragm, respiratory passages).

A

Respiratory System

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27
Q

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.

A

Digestive System

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28
Q

System that consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and other accessory organs.

A

Digestive System

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29
Q

Removes waste products from the blood an regulate pH, ion balance, and water balance.
(kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder)

A

Urinary System

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30
Q

Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development; produces milk for the newborn; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors.
(ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands)

A

Female Reproductive System

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31
Q

Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors.
(testes, accessory structures, ducts, penis)

A

Male Reproductive System

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32
Q

The sum of all chemical an physical changes sustaining an organism.

A

Metabolism

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33
Q

Ability to acquire and use energy in support of these changes.

A

Metabolism

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34
Q

Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes.
(both internal and external environments)

A

Responsiveness

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35
Q

Can increase in size.
Size of cells, groups of cells, extracellular materials.

A

Growth

36
Q

Changes in form and size.
Changes in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized-differentiation

A

Development

37
Q

Formation of new cells or new organisms.
Generation of new individuals.
Tissue repair.

A

Reproduction

38
Q

Maintenance of constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment.

A

Homeostasis

39
Q

Measures of body properties that may change in value.

A

Variables

40
Q

Examples of variables

A

Blood temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, blood cell counts, respiratory rate

41
Q

Normal extend of increase or decrease around a set point.

A

Normal range

42
Q

Normal, average value of a variable.
Can be temporarily adjusted depending on body activities, as needed.

A

Set Point

43
Q

Is a mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.
Main mechanism used homeostatic regulation.

A

Negative feedback

44
Q

A negative feedback reponse involves:

A

detection: of deviation away from set point
correction: reversal of deviation toward set point and normal range

45
Q

Components of feedback

A

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

46
Q

Detects changes in variable.

A

Receptor

47
Q

Receives receptor signal.
Establishes set point.
Sens signal to effector.

A

Control Center

48
Q

Directly causes change in variable.

A

Effector

49
Q

Intensify a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it. It occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response.

A

Positive Feedback

50
Q

Anatomical Position is when

A

A person is standing erect with face and palms forward.

51
Q

Above (Directional Terms)

A

Superior

52
Q

Below (Directional Terms)

A

Inferior

53
Q

Front (Ventral) (Directional Terms)

A

Anterior

54
Q

Back (Dorsal) (Directional Terms)

A

Posterior

55
Q

Close to midline

A

Medial

56
Q

Away from midline

A

Lateral

57
Q

Close to point of attachment

A

Proximal

58
Q

Far from point of attachment

A

Distal

59
Q

Structure close to the surface

A

Superficial

60
Q

Structure toward the interior of the body

A

Deep

61
Q

Separates the body into right and left parts

A

Sagittal Plane

62
Q

A sagittal plane along the midline that divides body into EQUAL left and right halves.

A

Median Plane

63
Q

A horizontal plane that separates the body into superior and inferior parts.

A

Transverse Plane

64
Q

A vertical plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior parts.

A

Frontal Plane

65
Q

Encloses the organs of the nervous system

A

Dorsal Body cavity

66
Q

Encloses the organs of the nervous system.

A

Dorsal Body cavity

67
Q

Contains the brain. (cavity)

A

Cranial cavity

68
Q

Contains the spinal cord.

A

Vertebral Canal

69
Q

Contains majority of internal organs (viscera)

A

Ventral Body cavity

70
Q

Space within chest wall and diaphragm; contains heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea.

A

Thoracic cavity

71
Q

Space between lungs; contain heart, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea.

A

Mediastinum

72
Q

Space between diaphragm and pelvis; contains stomach intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys

A

Abdominal cavity

73
Q

Space within pelvis, contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine.

A

Pelvic cavity

74
Q

Line trunk cavities, cover organs in the ventral body cavity.

A

Serous Membranes

75
Q

Cover the organs within the cavities

A

Visceral Serous Membranes

76
Q

Lines the walls of the cavities

A

Parietal serous membrane

77
Q

A fluid-filled space between the membranes

A

Cavity

78
Q

The serous membrane in pleural cavity.

A

Pleura

79
Q

The serous membrane in peritoneal cavity.

A

Peritoneum

80
Q

Around the heart

A

Pericardial Cavity

81
Q

Around lungs

A

Pleural Cavity

82
Q

Around abdominopelvic cavity and its organs

A

Peritoneal Cavity

83
Q

Covers heart

A

Visceral Pericardium

84
Q

Thick and fibrous

A

Parietal Pericardium

85
Q

Reduces Friction

A

Pericardial cavity

86
Q

Covers, anchors organs

A

Visceral peritoneum

87
Q

Lines inner wall of abdominopelvic cavity.

A

Parietal Peritoneum

ANAPHY (2 decks)

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