Chapter 1

Question 1

Data?

Answer 1

Raw numbers, letters, symbols, sounds, images with no meaning

Question 2

Information

Answer 2

When you add context and meaning to data it becomes information

Question 3

Direct Data Source

Answer 3

Data will be collected for the purpose which it will be used for.

Primary Source

Relevant data
Up to date
Bias eliminated
Source is know - trusted

Takes long time to collect
Difficult to collect

Question 4

Indirect Data Source

Answer 4

Data that was collected for a different purpose.

Secondary source

Immediately available
Large samples of data

Additional data
Not up to date
Unknown source
Biased data

Question 5

Encryption

Answer 5

The scrambling of data so it cannot be understood without a decryption key to make it unreadable if intercepted.

Question 6

Caesar (Shift) Cipher

Answer 6

Selects replacement letters by shifting along the alphabet. Ciphers convert a message to an encrypted message.

Question 7

Symmetric encryption

Answer 7

Requires both the sender and recipient to possess a private key. This key can be sent to the recipient at a later date via post or mail.

Question 8

Asymmetric encryption
(Public key cryptography)

Answer 8

There is a public key which is available to anyone who wants to send data and a private key known only to the recipient. In order to find a public key a digital certificate is required. Used for SSL layer.

Question 9

Digital certificates

Answer 9

Identifies the user or server and provides the public key

Question 10

Quality of Information

Answer 10

Accuracy
Age
Level of detail
Completeness
Relevance

Question 11

What does a digital certificate have?

Answer 11

Organisation name
Organisation that issued the certificate.
User’s email address
User’s country
User’s public key

Question 12

SSL [Secure sockets layer]

Answer 12

It is a protocol that provides secure communication over the internet. Asymmetric encryption is used for SSL, and provides both server and client authentication.

Question 13

TLS [Transport layer security]

Answer 13

It is the modern and more secure replacement of SSL.

Question 14

HTTPS
[Hypertext transfer protocol SECURE]

Answer 14

Is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It uses encryption for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet.
Web pages that use HTTPS have “https://” and a padlock symbol.

Question 15

Validation

Answer 15

The process of checking that the data matches acceptable rules. Validation does not mean that the data is correct.

Question 16

Presence check

Answer 16

Used to ensure that data is entered, if data is entered, then it is accepted.

Question 17

Range check

Answer 17

Ensures that data is within a defined range and has two boundaries (lower and upper). <, >, =, >=, <= are used.

Question 18

Type check

Answer 18

Ensures that data must be of a defined data type.

Question 19

Length check

Answer 19

Ensures that data is of a defined length or within a range of lengths.

Question 20

Format check [Picture check]

Answer 20

Ensures data matches a defined format.

Question 21

Lookup check

Answer 21

Tests to see if the data exists in a list.

Question 22

Consistency check

Answer 22

Compares data in one field with data in another field that already exists within a record, to check whether both are consistent with each other.

Question 23

Check digit

Answer 23

It is a number (or letter) that is added to the end of an identification number being input.

Question 24

Verification

Answer 24

Ensuring data entered into the system matches the original source.