Chapter 1 Flashcards
Cytosol
Part of cell remaining after membranes, cytoskeletal components and other organelles have been removed
Cytoplasm
Contents of cell contained within the plasma membrane BUT outside of nucleus in eukaryotic cells
Chromosomes
deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule which contains the genetic code in eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelle that carries out oxidative phosphorylation and produces most ATP in eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
Organelle containing DNA organized into chromosomes
Chloroplasts
specialized organelle in algae and plants containing chlorophyll; where photosynthesis takes place
Lysosomes
Membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes
Golgi Apparatus
membrane-bound organelle where proteins and lipids made in ER are modified and transported to other sites
Peroxisomes
membrane-bound organelle that uses molecular oxygen to oxidize long chain fatty acids; produces hydrogen peroxide and also degrades it
Plasma Membrane
membrane surrounding living cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Labyrinthine, membrane-bound compartment in cytoplasm where lipids and proteins are made
Cytoskeleton
system of protein filaments in cytoplasm giving cell shape and capacity for directed movement
Eukaryote
cells that contain complex structures enclosed within membranes
Prokaryote
cells who lack a cell nucleus (karyon), or any other membrane-bound organelles
T/F: All cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane
True
T/F: All cells contain DNA
True
Homologous
Molecules that are similar because of their common evolutionary origin; determined by similarities in protein or nucleic acid sequences
Ribosomes
Particle composed of ribosomal RNAs and ribosomal proteins that associate with mRNAs and catalyze the synthesis of protein
Centriole
Short cylindrical array of microtubules usually found in pairs at the center of a centrosome
Centrosome
Organelle that serves as primary microtubule organizing center; in animal cells, contains pair of centrioles
