Chapter 1 Flashcards
What makes up our bodies, belongings, physical environment and universe?
Matter
What are the 4 phases of matter
Liquids
Gases
Solids
Plasmas
Pure substances may be
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures may be
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Elements contain
-Atoms of the same type
-cannot be separated into simpler substance by chemical means
Compounds contain
-2 or more different types of atoms
-cannot be separated into a simpler substance by any physical process
Heterogeneous mixture
A composition that varies throughout.
Ex: gravel
Homogeneous mixture
Has a uniform composition throughout.
Ex: sugar dissolved in water
Mixtures
A combination of 2 or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: carbon dioxide
Compound
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: nickel
Element
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: cocaine
Compound
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: water
Compound
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: fluorine
Element
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: table salt
Compound
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: soap
Mixture
Classify if this is an element, compound, or mixture: sea water
Mixture
Physical property
Is one that can be observed and measured without changing the IDENTITY of a substance
Quantitative
Measured and expressed with a number
Qualitative
Not requiring explicit measurement
Physical change
The state of matter changes but the identity does not change.
Ex: ice melting to water
Chemical properties
After a chemical change, the original substance will become a new different substance. The change can not be reversed.
Ex: hydrogen gas burns in oxygen to form water
The measured value of an extensive property
Depends on the amount of matter
Ex: mass
The value of an intensive property
Does NOT depend on the amount of matter
Ex: density and temperature
Length
Meter (m)
Mass
Kilogram (kg)
Time
Second (s)
Electric current
Ampere (A)
Temperature
Kelvin (K)
Amount of substance
Mole (mol)
Luminous intensity
Candela (cd)
Mega- (M)
1x 10^6
1,000,000
Kilo- (k)
1 x 10^3
1,000
Deci- (d)
1 x 10^-1
0.1
Centi- (c)
1 x 10^-2
0.01
Milli- (m)
1 x 10^-3
0.001
Micro- (u)
1x10^-6
0.000001
Nano- (n)
1x10^-9
0.000000001
Write 11,000 in scientific notation
1.1 x 10^4
Write 0.001021 in scientific notation
1.021 x 10^-3
Giga- (G)
1x10^9
1,000,000,000
What are found in the center of the atom
Protons and neutrons
What are found outside the nucleus
Electrons
Proton charge and mass
Relative charge: +1
Relative mass: 1
Neutron charge and mass
Relative charge: 0
Relative mass: 1
Electron charge and mass
Relative charge: -1
Relative mass: 0
Mass number
Number of protons + neutron
(Top left of the element symbol)
Atomic number
Number of protons
(Bottom left of element symbol)
How many neutrons are in element U with a mass number of 235 and atomic number of 92
143
Metal
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Nonmetal
Poor conductor of heat and electricity
Metalloid
Has properties that are intermediate between those of metals and non mental
Where can you find alkali metals on the period table?
Group 1
Where can you find alkaline earth metals on the periodic table?
Group 2
Where can you find halogens on the periodic table?
Group 17
Where can you find noble gases on the periodic table?
Group 18
An atomic ion or monoatomic ion is one that consists of
Just one atom with a positive or negative charge
An ion whose net charge is positive due to a decrease of electrons
Cation
An ion whose net charge is negative due to an increase in the number of electrons
Anion
Na+ is a…
Cation
CI- is a…
Anion
