Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochem 423 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The fundamental groups of organisms include Bacteria, Eukarya, and _______

A

Archea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The DNA backbone is made from repeating ______

A

Sugar-phosphate units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The number of hydrogen bonds between G and C is_____

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DNA is made from the building blocks thymine, cytosine, guanine, and_____

A

Adenine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Delta G is

A

Gibs free energy change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Matter within a defined region of space

A

System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The strongest bind i molecules

A

Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hydrogen bonds are usually stronger than covalent bond (true/false)

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which is considered a metabolite, a substance that is chemically transformed in a biochemical process
A) glycerol
B) protein
C) polysacharide
D) ribonucleic acid
E) deoxyribonucleic acid

A

A) glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are molecules A and B called if molecule A is large and transforms into low-weight molecule B
A) A and B are both macromolecules
B) A and B are both metabolites
C) A is a metabolite and B us a biological macromolecule
D) A is a biological macromolecule and B is a metabolite

A

D) A is a biological macromolecule and B is a metabolite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which animal metabolic process is highly like the plant process of capturing and converting light energy?

A

Capturing energy released from glucose breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When did life on earth begin and when did human beings emerge, respectively?

A

3.5 billion years ago, and less than 3 million years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ribosomes are made up of
A) RNA and proteins
B) RNA AND DNA
C) DNA and proteins
D) proteins and carbohydrates

A

A) RNA and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the five kingdom classification system, E. Coli would be considered
A) animals
B) protista
C) monera
D) fungi

A

C) monera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the three domain classification, e. Coli is considered

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prokaryotic cells
A) do not have a well-defined nucleus
B) do not have internal membranes
C) are smaller than eukaryotic cells
D) all of these

A

D) All of these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Archaea are
A) groups of bacteria that have been culture collections for a long time
B) the first bacteria discovered
C) bacteria that live under extreme conditions and differ biochemically from other bacteria
D) bacteria discovered at archeological sites

A

C) bacteria that live under extreme conditions and differ biochemically from other bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of the following functional groups is not commonly seen in biomolecules
A) phosphate esters
B) amides
C) carboxylic acids
D) ethers
E) alkyl halides

A

E) alkyl halides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Watson and Crick suggest being significant about the base pairing found in the helix
A) it allowed DNA to twist in a helix
B) suggested a mechanism for copying
C) DNA could be circular
D) all of these

A

B) suggested a mechanism for copying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The structure of DNA describes by Watson and Crick includes (select all that apply)
A) a double helix composed of two intertwined strabds
B) a triple helix conposed of three intertwined strands
C) base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the double helix
D) a sugar-phosphate backbone that lies on the inside of the helix
E) base pairs that are stacked on the inside of the helix

A

A and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of ____ in complimentary DNA

A

Cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the primary chemical components present in a phosphate buffer at pH= 7.4

A

H2PO4- and HPO4 2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Typical van der Waals energies are about

A

2-4 kj/mol

24
Q

The energies for hydrogen bonds are approximately

A

4-20 kj/mol

25
Q

Hydrogen bond donor

A

N in N-H
O in O-H

26
Q

Why does DNA denature when the pH is raised above 9

A

Protons dissociate from guanine bases disrupting the hydrogen bonding to the other strand

27
Q

What is the energy of an ionic interaction?

A

The product of a proportionality constant and charges of two atoms divided by the product of the dielectric constant of solvent and the square distance between atoms

28
Q

Water can be a solvent for many biological molecules because
A) many biological molecules have polar characteristics
B) water is extremely polar and is capable of connecting with other polar molecules by weakening their electrostatic and hydrogen bonds
C) the oxygen can act as hydrogen-bond acceptor, and the hydrogen can act as a donor
D) all of the above

A

D) all of the above

29
Q

What makes water a versatile solvent

A

Simultaneous formation of many hydrogen bonds

30
Q

What properties of water are important for biological interactions?

A

The density of water, the cohesive properties of water, the size, the polarity of water

31
Q

A proton exists in a solution as

A

A hydronium ion H3O+

32
Q

What is pKa value in an acid-base reaction?
A) the equilibrium constant for proton dissociation
B) concentration of hydrogen ions
C) a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in the solution
D) the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of water
E) concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution

A

C) a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in the solution

33
Q

The heat of a reaction at constant pressure is

A

Its change in enthalpy

34
Q

The first law of thermodynamics states

A

The total energy of a system and its surrounding are constant

35
Q

If a particular reaction has a negative delta G, is it likely to occur?

A

Yes, it is spontaneous

36
Q

A non-spontaneous reaction is

A

Endergonic

37
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states

A

The total entropy of a system and its surrounding always increase for a spontaneous process

38
Q

Entropy is defined as

A

The measure of randomness of a system

39
Q

What happens to nonpolar molecules in water

A

They aggregate together

40
Q

What is the reason for the existence of the hydrophobic effect?

A

The tendency of non polar molecules to self-associate in the presence of an aqueous solution

41
Q

Which cellular component is the defining component of eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

42
Q

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic nuclei is FALSE
A) they contain RNA
B) they contain chromatin
C) they are separated from the rest of the cell by a single membrane
D) they play a role in genetics

A

C) they are separated from the rest of the cell by a single membrane

43
Q

Which cell component can capture the energy of light?

A

Chloroplast

44
Q

Which cell component contains many hydrolytic enzymes?

A

Lysosome

45
Q

The Golgi apparatus

A

Is involved in sorting of proteins in the cell

46
Q

Animal cells do not contain

A

Chloroplast

47
Q

Cell membranes
A) are found in plants, but not in animals
B) consist of mainly sugars
C) do not allow transport substances into or out of cell
D) separate the cell from the outside world

A

D) separate the cell from the outside world

48
Q

Energy-yielding oxidation reactions take place in eukaryotic
A) nuclei
B) ribosomes
C) mitochondria
D) endoplasmic reticula
E) cell walls

A

C) mitochondria

49
Q

Which of the following is not a sub-cellular organelle
A) mitochondrion
B) cytoskeleton
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) nucleus

A

B) cytoskeleton

50
Q

Ribosomes
A) are never bound to membrane
B) are the site of protein synthesis
C) are the site of photosynthesis

A

B) are the site of protein synthesis

51
Q

Which of the following cellular components is commonly found in bacteria
A) Nucleus
B) chloroplast
C) mitochondria
D) ribosomes

A

Ribosomes

52
Q

Which organelle does not contain DNA
A) nucleus
B) mitochondrion
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) chloroplast

A

C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

53
Q

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of ATP

A

Mitochondrion

54
Q

Which cell component has cristae? (Holds more ATP)

A

Mitochondrion

55
Q

Eukaryotic DNA is found in
A) nucleus
B) mitochondrion
C) chloroplast
D) all of these

A

All of these

Biochem 423 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions