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CPTR375: Operating Systems > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define an operating system.

A

The operating system software is the chief piece of software, the portion of the computing system that manages all of the hardware and all of the other software.

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2
Q

List the operating system’s subsystem managers.

A
  1. Device Manager
  2. File Manager
  3. Memory Manager
  4. Processor Manager
  5. Network Manager
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3
Q

Outline the role of the Memory Manager of an operating system.

A

This manager protects all of the space in memory by:
1. Checking validity of every request for memory space
2. Acting upon legal requests by allocating portions of memory not in use
3. Uses policies of OS to reallocate memory for jobs waiting
4. Deallocates allotted memory when job is finished.

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4
Q

Outline the role of the Process Manager of an operating system.

A

This manager keeps track of the CPU’s status (busy or idle) so that it can:
1. Reclaim it so that it can be allocated for the next waiting process
2. Handle process’s transitions

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5
Q

Outline the role of the Device Manager of an operating system.

A

This manager appropriately connects devices using their device driver so that the OS can:
1. Efficiently allocate the device to a job
2. Use the device correctly
3. Deallocate the device to make OS available for next process

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6
Q

Outline the role of the File Manager of an operating system.

A

This manager keeps track of all files and utilizes access policies to:
1. Enforce restrictions of user access to files
2. Control user actions allowed after access to files has been granted

It also accurate and efficient allocation space on a storage device for future retrieval.

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7
Q

Outline the role of the Network Manager of an operating system.

A

This manager provides a convenient way for authorized users to share resources by:
1. Managing every aspect of network connectivity which includes: device requirements, available memory, CPU’s, devices and files.

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8
Q

What is the role of the User Interface in an operating System?

A

The user interface allows the user to issue commands to the operating system and it is is one of the most unique components of an operating system.

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9
Q

What are the two types of user interfaces?

A

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the Command Line Interface (CLI).

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10
Q

What is the Moore’s Law?

A

Gordon’s Moore prediction that computing power would rise exponentially due to rapid release new processor chips (18-24 months apart) having more capacity than its predecessor.

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11
Q

What are the five types of operating systems?

A

The five categories
are batch, interactive, real-time, hybrid, and embedded systems.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of a Batch operating system?

A
  1. Jobs that are entered as a whole and in sequence
  2. No other job can start processing until the resident job is finished
  3. The efficiency of a batch system is measured in throughput
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of a Interactive operating system?

A
  1. Processes multiple jobs at one time
  2. Better response times than batch systems but slower than real-time systems
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a Real-time operating system?

A

1.Used in time-critical environments where data must be processed within a strict time limit
2. They are two types; hard and soft real-time systems

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a Hybrid operating system?

A
  1. Combination of batch and interactive
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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a Network operating system?

A
  1. Allow users to manipulate resources that may be located over a wide geographical area
    2.
17
Q

What are the characteristics of a Embedded operating system?

A
  1. Computers placed in products
  2. Built to do one specific task; thus, limited computer resources are used to their maximum
18
Q

What is the common goal in designing operating systems?

A

Maximize use of the system’s resources and minimize downtime.

19
Q

What factors influence operating systems’ design?

A
  1. The minimum and maximum RAM resources
  2. The minimum and maximum RAM resources
  3. The number and type of CPUs available
  4. The variety of devices likely to be connected
  5. The range of files
  6. Networking capability
  7. Security requirements
  8. Default user interfaces available
  9. Assumed user capabilities
20
Q

Describe operating systems in the 1940s?

A
  1. They were operated by programmers presiding in main console.
  2. Processes were -hands-on
  3. Programmers reserved the entire machine to run programs based on their estimated time
  4. Machine was poorly utilized as it sat idle between reservations
  5. The term “bug” originated in these OS when a moth was found to cause disruption
21
Q

Describe operating systems in the 1950s?

A
  1. Tasks were now assigned to professional computer operators.
  2. The speed of I/O devices increased
  3. Blocking was used to group logical registers; thus, using more available storage of I/O devices.
  4. The interface, control unit, was used to reduce the discrepancy in speed between the I/O and the CPU
22
Q

Describe operating systems in the 1960s?

A
  1. The concept of multiprogramming was introduced which invloved loading many
    programs at one time and allowing them to share the attention of the single CPU
23
Q

What is passive multiprogramming?

A

OS had to wait on jobs to finish despite interrupts; thus, important jobs had to wait on current job.

24
Q

What is active multiprogramming?

A

OS had an active role in interrupting jobs if the current job’s preset slice of CPU time had expired.

25
Q

Describe operating systems in the 1970s?

A
  1. Multiprogramming schemes to increase CPU use were limited by the physical capacity of
    the main memory.
  2. Virtual memory was developed to allow portions of multiple programs to reside in memory at the same time
26
Q

Describe operating systems in the 1980s?

A
  1. OS functions were incorporated in hardware as circuit boards were cheaper to build, giving rise to firmware
  2. Industry moved to multiple processors servicing a single job
  3. Move to network systems and distributed processing
27
Q

What is firmware?

A

Programs are permanently held in read only memory (ROM), as opposed to being held in
secondary storage

28
Q

Describe operating systems in the 1990s?

A
  1. Proliferation of networking capability
  2. Proliferation of multimedia applications demanding
    additional power, flexibility, storage and device compatibility for most operating systems
29
Q

Describe operating systems in the 2000s?

A
  1. Expansion of virtual machines expanded to allow computers to accommodate multiple operating systems that ran at the same time and shared resources

CPTR375: Operating Systems (4 decks)

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