Chapter 1 Flashcards
What type of anatomy considers large structure in the brain?
Gross Anatomy
What type of anatomy can deal with structures in a small scale?
Microscopic Anatomy
What levels are in the structural organization of the human body?
Organism, Organ System, Tissue, Cellular, and Chemical Levels
Organs that work together are grouped into what?
Organ Systems
What is the main role of the integumentary system?
Closes internal body structure and is the outside tissue of the body
What is the main role of the skeletal system?
Supports the body and enables movement with the muscular system
What is the main role of the muscular system?
Enables movement with the skeletal system and maintains body temp
What is the main role of the nervous system?
Detects and process sensory info and activated body responses
Function of human life:
Organization
Necessary for everything to work
Function of human life:
Metabolism
Energy dynamics
Function of human life:
Responsiveness
Changes in response environment
Function of human life:
Movement
Respond to environment
Function of human life:
Development
Grow and change
Function of human life:
Reproduction
Generate new life
What type of metabolic reaction builds and consumes energy? What is another word to call it?
Anabolic
Synthesis
What type of metabolic reaction breaks materials down and releases energy? What is another word to call it?
Catabolic
Breakdown
What is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?
The energy molecule for cellular energy
What is differentiation?
A process where cells become specialized in structure and function
What are the requirements for human life?
Oxygen, Nutrients, Narrow Range of atmospheric pressure, and narrow range of temp
What is hypothermia?
low body temp
What is the purpose of the negative feedback loop?
To reverse the stimulus that is increased
What is homeostasis?
A set point which the body wants to maintain
What is positive feedback loop?
To force the body to go beyond something that you do normally want to do
Prone
Face down
Supine
Face up
What does the ventral cavity include?
Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
What does the dorsal cavity include?
Cranial and spinal cavities
What is serous membranes?
Cover the walls and organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
What does pleura surround?
Lungs
What does peritoneum surround?
Abdominopelvic cavity
What does pericardium surround?
Heart
What type of images can x-ray’s show?
Static 2D images
Computed tomography (CT)
Cross-sectional x-ray to show tissue abnormalities
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Magnetic fields to measure radio waves emitted by tissue (Safer route)
What does fMRI detect?
Blood flow
Positron emission tomography
Measure metabolism and blood flow in dynamic images
Ultrasonography
Real-time image
You burn your finger while reheating your week-old pizza. You snatch your finger away, blowing on it while you say socially unacceptable things. You were able to react to the pain because of your ____________ system.
Nervous system
The body system responsible for structural support and movement is the ________.
Skeletel system
The organ system that secretes hormones to regulates body processes is the _________.
Endocrine system
A collection of similar tissues that performs a specific function is an ________.
Organ
The system that interacts with the muscular system to create movement is the _____________system.
Skeletel system
Humans have the most urgent need for a continuous supply of ________.
Oxygen
When adenosine diphosphate (ADP) binds an additional phosphate group to create adenosine triphosphate (ATP), this type of reaction is considered ___________.
Anabolic
We defined hypothermia as abnormally low body temperature. Which of the following terms best describes abnormally HIGH body temperature?
Hyperthermia
If you get stuck in a car during a bitterly cold blizzard your body responds to the cold by ________.
involuntarily contracting skeletal muscles (i.e. shivering) to produce thermal energy
Which of the following is a reason why humans require a narrow range of atmospheric pressure?
to maintain gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen) dissolved in your blood.
Which of the following is an example of a SENSORY in an negative feedback loop.
Nerve cells in the skin
A negative feedback loop functions to return a system back to the homeostatic setpoint.
True or False
True
Hot dogs are delicious. Your brother ask to share your hot dog so you cut it down the center to create two long, thin halves and hand your brother the right side. He gives you a look and ask why you cut it that way. You tell him, “in A&P this is called the ________________ plane.”
He thinks you are ridiculous and walks away leaving both halves for you to eat. You win. Anatomy wins.
Midsagittal
The lumbar region is ________.
superior to the popliteal region
inferior to the gluteal region
inferior to the umbilical region
superior to the cervical region
superior to the popliteal region
What is not a component of a negative feedback loop?
Responder
