Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHEM 121 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry is the study of what?

A

matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define matter

A

the physical material of the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the term that means, “any characteristic that allows us to recognize a type of matter and distinguish it from others”

A

property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

elements are composed of _____ kind of atom

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

compounds have at least ____ kinds of atoms

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define molecule

A

two or more atoms joined in specific shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many elements are there?

A

118

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

all substances are either ________ or compounds

A

elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

elements are made of how many kinds of atoms?

A

one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

compounds are made of how many kinds of atoms?

A

two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

matter is characterized by its _______ state and its __________

A

physical, composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which state of matter has no fixed volume or shape and can be compressed or expanded?

A

gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which state of volume has a distinct volume independent of its container and assumes shape of container it occupies and is not easily compressed?

A

liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a _______ has both a definite shape and volume and is not easily compressed

A

solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do molecules behave in gas form?

A

far apart and moving at high speeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do molecules behave in a liquid?

A

packed together but move rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do molecules behave in a solid?

A

molecules are tightly packed together and molecules can only wiggle slightly in their fixed positions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define pure substance

A

matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

list two examples of pure substances

A

sodium chloride and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

________ are substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances

A

elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_______ are combinations of two or more substances in which each substance retains its chemical identity

A

mixtures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do molecules of a compound differ from the molecules of an element?

A

compounds are made of two kinds of molecules; elements are made of one kind of molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which five elements compose 90 percent of the earth’s crust?

A

oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen compose 90 percent of the mass in what?

A

human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what element constitutes 74 percent of the mass in the milky way galaxy?

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what element constitutes 24 percent of the mass in the milky way galaxy?

A

helium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how are the elements in the periodic table arranged ?

A

in columns so that closely related elements ar grouped together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

elements can interact with other elements to form _________

A

compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

explain the 2 in H2O

A

two H atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

decomposing pure water shows that it contains 11 percent _________

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

decomposing pure water shows that it contains 89 percent _________

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

who first stated the law of constant composition?

A

joseph louis proust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

explain law of constant composition

A

a pure compound has the same composition and properties under the same natural laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

a pure substance has a ______ composition

A

fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

define heterogeneous mixtures

A

mixtures that do not have the same composition, properties, and appearance throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

give an example of a heterogeneous mixture

A

rocks, wood, trail mix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

define homogeneous mixture

A

mixtures uniform throughout

38
Q

give an example of a homogeneous mixture

A

air, kool aid in water

39
Q

homogeneous mixtures are also called ________

40
Q

the properties of matter can be categorized as ________ or __________

A

physical, chemical

41
Q

define physical properties

A

can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance

42
Q

give examples of physical properties

A

color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness

43
Q

define chemical properties

A

the way a substance may change or react to form other substances

44
Q

give an example of a chemical property

A

flammability

45
Q

define intensive properties

A

properties not depending on the amount of sample being examined

46
Q

why are intensive properties useful in chemistry?

A

they can be used to identify substances

47
Q

define extensive properties

A

properties depending on the amount of sample

48
Q

give two examples of extensive properties

A

mass and volume

49
Q

what happens during a physical change?

A

a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition

50
Q

all changes of state are __________ changes

51
Q

what happens during a chemical change or reaction?

A

a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

52
Q

give an example of a chemical change

A

when hydrogen burns in air, it undergoes a chemical change because it combines with oxygen to form water

53
Q

SI units stand for

A

the international system of units

54
Q

What is the SI unit and abbreviation for length?

55
Q

What is the SI unit and abbreviation for mass?

A

kilogram, kg

56
Q

What is the SI unit and abbreviation for temperature?

57
Q

What is the SI unit and abbreviation for the amount of substance?

58
Q

Distillation is good for _________ mixtures

A

homogeneous

59
Q

filtration is good for __________ mixtures

A

heterogeneous

60
Q

distillation depends on the different abilities of substances to form ______

61
Q

the metric system was developed where and what century?

A

France during the late eighteenth century

62
Q

combustion, oxidation, and decomposition are all examples of ________ changes

63
Q

changes of state, temperature, and volume are all examples of _________ changes

64
Q

what is the SI unit and abbreviation for volume?

A

cubic centimeter, cc or cm cubed. Or, liter, l

65
Q

Give the symbol of lithium

66
Q

Give the symbol of sodium

67
Q

Give the symbol of potassium

68
Q

Give the symbol of rubidium

69
Q

Give the symbol of caesium

70
Q

Give the symbol of francium

71
Q

Give the symbol of beryllium

72
Q

Give the symbol of magnesium

73
Q

Give the symbol of calcium

74
Q

Give the symbol of strontium

75
Q

Give the symbol of barium

76
Q

Give the symbol of radium

77
Q

Give the symbol of helium

78
Q

Give the symbol of neon

79
Q

Give the symbol of argon

80
Q

Give the symbol of krypton

81
Q

Give the symbol of xenon

82
Q

Give the symbol of radon

83
Q

Give the symbol of fluorine

84
Q

Give the symbol of chlorine

85
Q

Give the symbol of bromine

86
Q

Give the symbol of iodine

87
Q

Give the symbol of oxygen

88
Q

Give the symbol of sulfur

89
Q

Give the symbol of selenium

90
Q

define composition

A

whether a substance is an element, compound, or mixture

CHEM 121 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions