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CHM 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Matter?

A

Anything that has mass and volume and occupies space

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2
Q

What is matter classified as?

A

As a pure substance or a mixture

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3
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Matter that is composed of only one element or compound

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4
Q

What are pure substances?

A
  1. Element - Periodic Table, Atomic Molecules (H2, N2, Cl2, Br2, O2, I2, F2)
  2. Compound - Salt, Sugar, NaCl, H2O, C6H12O6,
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5
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Matter that is composed of two or more different compounds or elements

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6
Q

What are the types of mixtures?

A

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous

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7
Q

What are elements made up of?

A

Pure substances that are made up of homo-atomic molecules or individual atoms of the same kind

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8
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance that is a chemical combination of two or more different elements in a definite proportion.

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9
Q

True or False: Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances physically

A

FALSE. They can only be separated chemically

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10
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A set of symbols used to represent a compound

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11
Q

Properties of mixtures?

A
  • Two or more substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined
  • Two or more substances in different proportions
  • Substances that can be separated by physical methods
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12
Q

What are Heterogeneous mixtures?

A

The composition is not uniform and varies from area to area
-> (Can tell the difference between compositions)

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13
Q

What are Homogeneous mixtures?

A

The composition is uniform throughout. (Also called a solution.)
-> (Can’t tell the difference between compositions)

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14
Q

What are the states of matter?

A

Solid, Liquid and Gas

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15
Q

What is a property?

A

A characteristic of a substance, usually based on observations.

Every substance has unique properties

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16
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A property that can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance

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17
Q

What is an intensive property?

A

A property not dependent on the amount of substance

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18
Q

Types of Intensive Property?

A

Colour,
Phase (solid, liquid or gas?),
Conductivity (conduct electricity),
Solubility (dissolve in water?),
Density (how heavy?),
Melting Point (T when melting occurs),
Boiling point (T when boiling occurs)

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19
Q

What is an extensive property?

A

A property dependent on the amount of substance

20
Q

Types of Extensive Properties?

A

Mass
Volume
Heat Capacity
Saturation

21
Q

What are Chemical Properties?

A

A property that can be observed when a substance changes or reacts to form new substances

22
Q

What are physical changes?

A

When a substance changes only in appearance or form

23
Q

Names for physical changes?

A

Melting
Ripping

24
Q

What are chemical changes?

A

When a substance is transformed into new substances

25
Q

Names for chemical changes?

A

– Copper reacting with oxygen to form patina
– Rubbing alcohol burning
– Burning paper
– Tarnishing
– Corrosion
– Rusting
– Digesting

26
Q

What are the 2 ways to separate mixtures and for which mixtures?

A

Filtration - Heterogeneous mixtures
Distillation - Homogeneous mixtures

27
Q

Rules to determine Significant Figures?

A
  1. All non-zero digits are significant.
  2. Zeros can be significant or not:
  • Interior zeros are significant. Ex: 2.05
  • Trailing zeros (after a decimal point AND nonzero digit) are significant. Ex: 3.00 or 4.70
  • Leading zeros are not significant. Ex: 0.0045
  1. For numbers in scientific notation, only consider the decimal part. Ex: 3.3010 x 10-4
28
Q

In your final answer with sig figs has × or ÷, what is the rule?

A

Final answer has the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest sig figs

29
Q

In your final answer with sig figs has + or -, what is the rule?

A

Final answer has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal places

30
Q

What digits do Significant Figures include?

A

Digits in a measured quantity that are CERTAIN and ESTIMATED

31
Q

What does Scientific Notation/Standard Form provide?

A

A convenient way to express very large or very small numbers

32
Q

How are Scientific Notation numbers represented?

A

M×10^n

33
Q

True or False: n can be positive or negative

A

TRUE

34
Q

Units of Measurement in Metric
Length, Volume, Mass, Temperature, Time

A

meter
liter
gram
celsius
second

35
Q

Units of Measurement in SI
Length, Volume, Mass, Temperature, Time

A

meter
cubic meter
kilogram
kelvin
second

36
Q

1 m = ? cm

A
37
Q

1 in = ? cm

A
38
Q

1 m = ? mm

A
39
Q

1 cm = ? mm

A
40
Q

1 L = ? mL or cm^3

A
41
Q

What is Mass?

A

Measurement of the amount of matter in an object
Independent of the location of an object

42
Q

What is Weight?

A

Measurement of the gravitational force acting on an object
Depends on the location of an object

43
Q

1 kg = ? g

A
44
Q

1 lb = ? g

A
45
Q

What is the freezing point for water in Fahrenheit?

A

32

46
Q

What is the freezing point for water in Celsius?

A

0

47
Q

What is the freezing point for water in Kelvin?

A

273

CHM 101 (2 decks)

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