Chapter 1

Question 1

Research Producer

Answer 1

someone who facilitates the research process in order to increase knowledge

Question 2

Research Consumer

Answer 2

someone who takes research and applies it to their career or daily life

Question 3

Step Order of the Theory Cycle

Answer 3

Theory-> Research Question -> Research Design -> Hypothesis->ideally preregistered->Data

Question 4

Psychological scientists base their conclusions on evidence. They collect and use data to develop, support, or challenge a theory. What is this approach called?

Answer 4

Empiricism

Question 5

Using evidence from the senses (or from an instrument, such as a thermometer or questionnaire, that assists the senses) as the basis for conclusions is known as what?

Answer 5

Empiricism

Question 6

Self Correcting

Answer 6

science discovers its own mistaken theories and corrects them

Question 7

Universalism

Answer 7

Scientific claims are evaluated according to their merit, independent of the researcher’s credentials or reputation; you do not need a degree to do research

Question 8

Communality

Answer 8

Scientific knowledge is created by a community and its findings belong to the community.; scientists should share results of their work with others

Question 9

Disinterestedness

Answer 9

Scientists strive to discover the truth, whatever it is; they are not swayed by conviction, idealism, politics, or profit.

Question 10

Organized skepticism

Answer 10

Scientists question everything, including their own theories, widely accepted ideas, and “ancient wisdom.”

Question 11

Examples of Consuming Research

Answer 11

reporting current trends in research in a news article; using research findings to update patients’ treatment plans

Question 12

Examples of Producing Research

Answer 12

using previous studies to create a new study that analyzes all of those previous findings; creating and testing a hypothesis on sexuality in teenagers

Question 13

Basic Research

Answer 13

enhance the general body of knowledge rather than to address a specific, practical problem. Basic researchers might want to understand the structure of the visual system, the capacity of human memory, the motivations of a depressed person

Question 14

Translational Research

Answer 14

the use of lessons from basic research to develop and test applications to health care, psychotherapy, or other forms of treatment and intervention. basic research on the biochemistry of cell membranes might be translated into a new drug for schizophrenia

Question 15

Ways in which journalists misinterpret original research

Answer 15

exaggerate the importance of findings; selecting only certain parts of the results to write about

Question 16

Applied Research

Answer 16

done with a practical problem in mind and the researchers conduct their work in a local, real-world context. An applied research study might ask, for example, if a school district’s new method of teaching language arts is working better than the former one.