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Human A&P Final Exam > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven characteristics of living organisms?

A

Cellular composition, metabolism (anabolism/catabolism), growth, excretion, responsiveness, movement, and reproduction.

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2
Q

What are the structural levels of organization (in order)?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism.

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3
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

A common frame of reference from which all body parts and regions are described.

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4
Q

Describe the anatomical position.

A

Body is upright, feet are a shoulder width apart, upper limbs are at the sides of the trunk, and the head and palms are facing forward.

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5
Q

What are directional terms?

A

Description of the relative locations of body markings and body parts.

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6
Q

Describe the directional terms.

A

Anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal), superior (cranial)/inferior (caudal), proximal/distal, medial/lateral, and superficial/deep.

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7
Q

What is the axial region?

A

The portion of the body consisting of the head, neck, and trunk.

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8
Q

What is the appendicular region?

A

The portion of the body consisting of the upper and lower limbs.

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9
Q

What is the abdominal region?

A

The abdomen.

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10
Q

What is the cervical region?

A

The neck

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11
Q

What is the gluteal region?

A

The buttocks

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12
Q

What is the inguinal region?

A

The groin

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13
Q

What is the lumbar region?

A

The lower back.

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14
Q

What is the palmar region?

A

The palm.

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15
Q

What is the pelvic region?

A

The pelvis.

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16
Q

What is the pubic region?

A

The pubis.

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17
Q

What is the sacral region?

A

The sacrum.

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18
Q

What is the sternal region?

A

The sternum.

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19
Q

What is the thoracic region?

A

The chest.

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20
Q

What is the vertebral region?

A

The spinal column.

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21
Q

What is the buccal region?

A

The cheek.

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22
Q

What is the cranial region?

A

The skull.

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23
Q

What is the cephalic region?

A

The head.

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24
Q

What is the frontal region?

A

The forehead.

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25
Q

What is the mental region?

A

The chin.

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26
Q

What is the nasal region?

A

The nose.

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27
Q

What is the occipital region?

A

The back of the head.

28
Q

What is the ocular region?

A

The eye.

29
Q

What is the oral region?

A

The mouth.

30
Q

What is the otic region?

A

The ear.

31
Q

What is the acromial region?

A

The point of the shoulder.

32
Q

What is the antebrachial region?

A

The forearm.

33
Q

What is the antecubital region?

A

The anterior surface of the elbow.

34
Q

What is the axillary region?

A

The armpit.

35
Q

What is the brachial region?

A

The arm.

36
Q

What is the carpal region?

A

The wrist.

37
Q

What is the digital region?

A

The fingers or toes.

38
Q

What is the manual region?

A

The hand.

39
Q

What is the metacarpal region?

A

The bones of the hand.

40
Q

What is the pollex region?

A

The thumb.

41
Q

What is the coxal region?

A

The hip.

42
Q

What is the crural region?

A

The anterior surface of the leg.

43
Q

What is the femoral region?

A

The thigh.

44
Q

What is the hallux region?

A

The great toe.

45
Q

What is the metatarsal region?

A

The bones of the foot.

46
Q

What is the patellar region?

A

The anterior surface of the knee.

47
Q

What is the pedal region?

A

The foot.

48
Q

What is the plantar region?

A

The sole of the foot.

49
Q

What is the popliteal region?

A

The posterior surface of the knee.

50
Q

What is the sural region?

A

The posterior surface of the leg.

51
Q

What is the tarsal region?

A

The ankle.

52
Q

What are the planes of section.

A

Standard ways of dividing a body or body part to examine its internal structure.

53
Q

What is the sagittal plane? What is the difference between the midsagittal (median) and parasagittal plane?

A

Divides into right and left sections. The midsagittal plane divides into equal left and right sections and the parasagittal plane divides into unequal left and right sections.

54
Q

What is the frontal (coronal) plane?

A

Divides the body or body part into anterior and posterior sections.

55
Q

What is the transverse (horizontal/cross section) plane?

A

Divides the body or body part into super and inferior parts.

56
Q

What is the posterior body cavity? What does it consist of?

A

The major cavity located mostly on the posterior side of the body. The cranial cavity and the vertebral/spinal cavity.

57
Q

What is the cranial cavity?

A

Located within the skull and protects the brain.

58
Q

What is the vertebral/spinal cavity?

A

Located within the vertebral column and protects the spinal cord.

59
Q

What is the anterior body cavity? What does it consist of?

A

The major body cavity located mostly on the anterior side of the body. The thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

60
Q

What is the thoracic cavity and where is it located?

A

The thoracic cavity encompasses the area of the thorax and is superior to the diaphragm.

61
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity and where is it located?

A

The abdominopelvic cavity encompasses the area of the abdomen and the pelvis. It is located inferior to the diaphragm.

62
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of the body’s stable internal environment.

63
Q

What are feedback loops? What is its goal?

A

Feedback loops are a control mechanism in which a change in a regulated variable causes effects that feed back and affect that same variable. Its goal is to help maintain homeostasis.

64
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

The change in a regulated variable in one direction results in actions that cause changes in the variable in the opposite direction.

65
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

The effector’s activity increases, reinforcing the initial stimulus and amplifying the response of the effector. \

Human A&P Final Exam (3 decks)

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