Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Psychology?

Answer 1

an empirical science, studies mental activities and behaviors

Question 2

What is Empiricism?

Answer 2

conducting research using an objective, evidence based approach

Question 3

What is Structuralism vs Functionalism? Who founded these ideas?

Answer 3

Structuralism: objective, uses introspection to reveal structure of human mind (Wilhelm Wundt)

Functionalism: interpretive, looks at the way our mind works, how it adapts/survives. advantageous variations are passed on (William James)

Question 4

What is Psychoanalytic Theory?

Answer 4

Our thoughts/actions are based on unconscious mental forces (Sigmund Freud)

Question 5

What is Behaviorism?

Answer 5

Studies individuals response to environment and learns observable responses (John Watson)

Question 6

What is Humanistic Psychology?

Answer 6

Studies how we grow happy/fulfilled, focuses on our basic goodness (Carl Rogers)

Question 7

What is Cognitive Psychology?

Answer 7

Studies brain: how we think, learn, remember (George Miller) (computers)

Question 8

What are the 6 strategies that IMPACT learning?

Answer 8

Improve
Monitor
Practice
Attend
Connect
Think deeply

Question 9

What is Critical Thinking? What are its 3 steps?

Answer 9

A way to systematically evaluate information to reach conclusions based on evidence

1. Is this a credible source?
2. Is there supporting empirical evidence
3. Do other sources agree?

Question 10

What are the 5 domains of Psychology?

Answer 10

How our thoughts, feelings, & actions are affected by:

1. Biological: how the brain, body, nervous system, genetics affect them
2. Cognitive: how mental activities (how we think, learn, remember) affect them
3. Developmental: how people change over time
4. Social & Personality: how social factors, personal characteristics affect them
5. Mental & Physical Health: what affects them, developing healthy behaviors

Question 11

What is the Scientific Method? What are its 5 steps

Answer 11

Systematic observation and measurement, continuous process

1. Form a theory
2. Hypothesis (describe, predict, control, explain)
3. Test with research method
4. Analyze data
5. Share results, replicate, conduct more research

Question 12

What are the 3 research methods?

Answer 12

1. Descriptive Methods (describing behavior):
   (case studies, observational studies, self-reports)
2. Correlational methods (examine relations or variables)
3. Experimental Methods (reveals causality, manipulate variables and measure effects)

Question 13

What 4 ethical principles must psychologists follow?

Answer 13

Conducted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB):
1. privacy (public vs private observation)
2. confidentiality (keep info secret)
3. informed consent (permission to participate, deception)
4. protection from harm