Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Comp Sci 340 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Host or end systems

A

A network of billions of computing devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internet Protocol address

A

unique, numeric value assigned to each host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

packets

A

clusters of data. labeled with IP address of sender and receiver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Direct traffic using addresses on the packets

A

routers and switches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Internet

A

worldwide network of interconnected computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Web

A

worldwide network of interconnected hypertext pages, connects to web server apps, one of many apps built on top of the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

protocols

A

define how devices should interoperate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

network protocol

A

defines proper communication patterns between devices; types of messages that can be sent; structure of the messages; possible responses and actions to take

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Network edge

A

hosts: clients and servers; have only one link to the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

network core

A

routers connecting various Internet parts; like hosts with multiple links and living only to relay others’ packets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

physical media

A

wired and wireless communications links

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

circuit switching

A

electrical connection is established end-to-end for each call; originally done by moving cabled plugged into switchboards; later pulse and tone dialing automated switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)

A

still uses analog signals on twisted pair cables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

coaxial cables

A

much better signal carrier, less sensitive to noise, and carry more data; designed to carry video

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Digital Subscriber Line

A

phone calls do not interfere with data exchange; splitter after the DSLAM and before the modem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Frequency Division Multiplexing

A

way to share a single communication medium; different channels are simultaneously transmitted on different frequency bands; no taking turns; coaxial cable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radio

A

wireless/unguided medium; signal flows through open space; objects can block or reflect signal; no need to wire up every device; lots of noise, interference, and competition for the spectrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

circuit switching in the PSTN

A

need a dedicated electrical path that remains that way until the parties hang up; guaranteed performance; may have to wait for a free line; wasting during silence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Packet switching

A

way in which computer networks send data by sending packets

20
Q

Packet

A

destination address; sender address; limited space for message; large messages must be split into multiple pockets; may arrive in any order; may take different paths to destination; delivery is “best effort” and not guaranteed

21
Q

throughput

A

rate of data transfer (bandwidth); measured in bps; data arrives in discrete packets so throughput is calculated as an average over some time window

22
Q

latency

A

delay of an action; network latency is the time it takes for a bit of data to arrive at the destination

23
Q

communication link

A

bi-directional, point-to-point connection, allow 0’s or 1’s to be transmitted or idle, propagation delay, operates at a certain, constant bitrate

24
Q

propagation delay

A

the time it takes for bits to flow from sender to receiver

25
Q

store and forward

A

data takes several hops to reach destination; each intermediate router has a queue of packets waiting to be sent along to the next hop; FIFO order

26
Q

Packet switching

A

1) no fixed resource allocation
2) no theoretical limit to the number of users
3) In practice, it allows more users to use network

27
Q

Routers 2 responsibilities

A

1) distributed routing algorithms
2) packet forwarding

28
Q

Distributed routing algorithms

A

determine which address ranges are most quickly reachable on each of its outbound links

29
Q

Packet forwarding

A

direct packets according to the decisions made by the distributed routing algorithms

30
Q

Fours sources of packet delay

A

1) dproc: nodal processing delay - check bit errors
2) dqueue: queueing delay - time waiting at output link for transmission
3) dtransL transmission delay - packet size/ link bandwidth
4) dprop: propagation delay - length of the link / speed of light

31
Q

Structure of the Internet

A

Tiers

32
Q

TCP/IP stack

A

app; transport; network; link; PHY

33
Q

Application

A

supporting network applications

34
Q

transport

A

process-to-process data transfer

35
Q

network

A

routing of diagrams from source to destination hosts

36
Q

Link

A

data transfer between neighboring network elements

37
Q

PHY

A

bits “on the wire”

38
Q

Network layers in WWW

A

HTTP, TLS, TCP, IP, Ethernet Wifi

39
Q

HTTP

A

get web pages, images, etc. and post data to servers

40
Q

TLS

A

encrypt traffic

41
Q

TCP

A

byte streams (ordering, delivery confirmation, pacing); gives a file-like interface to network connections (read and write bytes); handles limited packet size, dropped and reordered packets

42
Q

IP

A

Forward packets across multiple hops; makes best-effort attempt to route packets to their destination IP

43
Q

Ethernet/wifi

A

share a communication link with multiple local devices

44
Q

sockets

A

analogous to a door; sending process shoves message door; sending process relies on transport infrastructure on other side of door which brings message to socket at receiving process; IP address is device’s unique identifier

45
Q

TCP Streams

A

provides applications with a file-like abstraction for a network connection (read and write); packets are a reassembled and ordered automatically by the OS/library; must establish a connection first (3 way handshake)

46
Q

TCP provides

A
  • port numbers os a computer can have multiple network connections
  • message fragmentation and reassembly
  • delivery confirmation and retransmission
  • flow control: sender won’t overwhelm receiver
  • congestion control: throttle sender when network is overloaded
47
Q

UDP

A
  • simpler than TCP
  • No reliable connection
  • ## Protocols deal with more error conditions

Comp Sci 340 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions