Chapter 1 Flashcards
Robert Boyle
Used experiments to define “Element”
Element
Consists of 1 type of atom
Element Symbol
1 or 2 letters that tell what the element is. Can be based off different languages.
Compound
Substance that can be broken down into elements by chemical process.
John Dalton
Created the “Atomic Theory”
Law of Constant Composition
Compound always contains elements in exact composition to mass.
Atom
Smallest unit of matter that makes up and element.
Chemical Formula
When element symbols are used to show atoms present while subscripts show number of atoms.
J.J. Thompson
Created Cathode Ray Tube, to determine electrons.
Electron
Negatively charged particle around nucleus of atom.
Proton
Positively charged particles in nucleus of atom.
Neutron
Particles that contain no charge with mass similar to proton.
Plum- Pudding Model
That a pudding with raisins is similar to an atom with a positively charged cloud with electrons scattered around.
Nuclear Model
A model that shows an atom as a dense positive charged missile surrounded by electrons.
Ernest Rutherford
Created the gold foil experiment to show the atoms makeup.
Nucleus
Small, dense, positive charged atom center.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons.
Atomic Number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Mass Number
Total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Periodic Table
A chart that shows the elements and their properties.
Group
Vertical column of elements with the same properties.
Period
Horizontal row of elements on periodic table.
Alkali Metal
Group 1
Alkali Earth Metal
Group 2
Halogens
Group 7
Noble Gases
Group 8
Transition Metals
Several series of elements on the periodic table that are solids.
Metals
An element that is lustrous, malleable, and a good conductor.
Metalloids
A element with both metal and nonmetal characteristic.
Nonmetal
An element that does NOT exhibit metal characteristic.
Diatomic Molecules
A molecule composed of 2 atoms.
Ion
An atom or groups of atoms with a net of positive and negative charge.
Cation
A positive ion.
Anion
A negative ion
Ionic Compound
A compound hat results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal.
Forms cations and anions
Dmitri Mendeleev
Formulated the periodic table.
