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Cognitive Psych Exam 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

study of the mind

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2
Q

Cognition

A

mental processes (perception, attention, memory)

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3
Q

Donders

A

created first cognitive psych experiment

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4
Q

Reaction Time Experiment (RT)

A

time to make a decision between stimulus presentation and response

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5
Q

Simple RT Task (Donders)

A

push button quickly after light appears

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6
Q

Choice RT Task (Danders)

A

push button if light is on right or left side

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7
Q

Wundt

A

established first psychology lab, developed structuralism

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8
Q

Structuralism

A

combining elements of experiences (sensations)

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9
Q

Analytic Introspection

A

describe experiences/thought process in response to stimuli

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10
Q

Ebbinghaus Saving Curve

A

shows retention in intervals

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11
Q

Ebbinghaus / Forgetting

A

occurs rapidly over the first 2 days, lowly after that

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12
Q

William James Observed

A

functions of his own mind/not experiments

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13
Q

William James Topics

A

cognition, thinking, consciousness, attention, etc

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14
Q

Behaviorism

A

study things we can see/measure

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15
Q

John Watson

A

invented behaviorism (classical conditioning)

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16
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

invented operant conditioning (reward/punishment)

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17
Q

Tolman

A

trained rats to find food through mazes

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18
Q

Cognitive Map

A

representation of objects in our brain

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19
Q

Cognitive Revolutions

A

behaviorists focus toward stimulus response relationships to understand the mind

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20
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

shift from one paradigm to another (system of ideas)

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21
Q

Neisser

A

created first cognitive psychology textbook/term cognitive psychology

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22
Q

The Brain Has 2 Hemispheres

A

true

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23
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

vision

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24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

touch (pain/temp)

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25
Temporal Lobe
hearing
26
Frontal Lobe
coordinates info received from all senses
27
Wernicke's Area
comprehension of language
28
Broca's Ares
production of language
29
Distributed Representation
specific functions are processed by many different areas in the brain
30
Neuron
creates, receives, transmits info in the nervous system
31
Soma
cell body, keeps cell functioning
32
Dendrites
receive info from other neurons
33
Axon
sends info, creates axon potential
34
Terminal Button
forms synapse with other neuron
35
Synapse
space between the terminal button and the dendrites
36
Nerve Net
interconnected neurons, continuous communication
37
Neuron Doctrine
individual cells transit signals, no continuous communication
38
Action Potential
neurons receive signals from environment/travels down axon to the dendrites
39
Neural Communication
signals make it through axon / message travels to terminal button
40
Neurotransmitters
chemical messengers travel across synapse
41
Synaptic Vesicles
how neurotransmitters travel (small, saclike)
42
Hubel / Wiesel
research visual stimuli in cats, certain neurons respond to certain things
43
Feature Detectors
neurons that respond best to specific neurons
44
Sensation
conversion of physical things into neural code (in sensory organs)
45
Perception
processes sensory info into meaningful guide behavior (in brain)
46
Visual Illusion - Light
how much lights is getting into our eye/how much is on the object
47
Visual Illusion - Bi Stage Images
necker cube, depends on how you look at it
48
Visual Illusion - Depth Perception
how we know how near or far something is
49
Vision
dominates human senses, occupies more brain space
50
Cornea
thing covering of the eye
51
Iris
color part, adjusts pupil
52
Pupil
opening in middle of the iris
53
Lens
layer beneath eye surface, maintains focus by altering shape
54
Retina
rear part, receives visual stimuli / sends it to brain through optic nerve
55
Why Computers Can't Perceive Like Humans?
objects can't be hidden or blurred, doesn't have viewpoint invariance, etc
56
Viewpoint Invariance
ability to recognize objects from different viewpoint
57
Bottom Up Processing
environmental energy stimulates receptors, no info about new thing (eye to brain)
58
Top Down Processing
has knowledge/expectations about situation (starts in brain)
59
Helmholtz's Unconscious Inference
perceptions are results of unconscious assumptions we makes about environment
60
Gestalt Psychology
and organized whole that you perceive as different from the sum of its parts
61
Apparent Movement
movement Is perceived but nothing is moving
62
Gestalt - Good Continuation
perceive connected things with curves belong together (tangled necklace isn't multiple pieces of a chain)
63
Gestalt - Law of Pragnanz
patterns seen in structures in simplest form possible (vegetable section in store)
64
Gestalt - Proximity
things appear close together are related (mother and daughter)
65
Gestalt - Common Fate
elements moving together are a unified group (school of fish)
66
Gestalt - Closure
fill in the blanks to make object a whole (TBM)
67
Oblique Effect
perceive vertices/horizontals easier than other orientations
68
Light From Above Assumption
perceive shadows as info about depth/distance
69
Scene Schema
knowledge of what a given scene usually has (couch in living room)
70
Bayesian Inference
estimate of probability of given outcome is influenced by prior probability / likelihood
71
Prior Probability
beliefs or opinions
72
Likelihood
available evidence is consistent with the outcome

Cognitive Psych Exam 1 (1 decks)

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