Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Psych Exam 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

study of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cognition

A

mental processes (perception, attention, memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Donders

A

created first cognitive psych experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reaction Time Experiment (RT)

A

time to make a decision between stimulus presentation and response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Simple RT Task (Donders)

A

push button quickly after light appears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Choice RT Task (Danders)

A

push button if light is on right or left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wundt

A

established first psychology lab, developed structuralism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structuralism

A

combining elements of experiences (sensations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Analytic Introspection

A

describe experiences/thought process in response to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ebbinghaus Saving Curve

A

shows retention in intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ebbinghaus / Forgetting

A

occurs rapidly over the first 2 days, lowly after that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

William James Observed

A

functions of his own mind/not experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

William James Topics

A

cognition, thinking, consciousness, attention, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Behaviorism

A

study things we can see/measure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

John Watson

A

invented behaviorism (classical conditioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

invented operant conditioning (reward/punishment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tolman

A

trained rats to find food through mazes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cognitive Map

A

representation of objects in our brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cognitive Revolutions

A

behaviorists focus toward stimulus response relationships to understand the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

shift from one paradigm to another (system of ideas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neisser

A

created first cognitive psychology textbook/term cognitive psychology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The Brain Has 2 Hemispheres

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

touch (pain/temp)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

coordinates info received from all senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

comprehension of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Broca’s Ares

A

production of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Distributed Representation

A

specific functions are processed by many different areas in the brain

30
Q

Neuron

A

creates, receives, transmits info in the nervous system

31
Q

Soma

A

cell body, keeps cell functioning

32
Q

Dendrites

A

receive info from other neurons

33
Q

Axon

A

sends info, creates axon potential

34
Q

Terminal Button

A

forms synapse with other neuron

35
Q

Synapse

A

space between the terminal button and the dendrites

36
Q

Nerve Net

A

interconnected neurons, continuous communication

37
Q

Neuron Doctrine

A

individual cells transit signals, no continuous communication

38
Q

Action Potential

A

neurons receive signals from environment/travels down axon to the dendrites

39
Q

Neural Communication

A

signals make it through axon / message travels to terminal button

40
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers travel across synapse

41
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

how neurotransmitters travel (small, saclike)

42
Q

Hubel / Wiesel

A

research visual stimuli in cats, certain neurons respond to certain things

43
Q

Feature Detectors

A

neurons that respond best to specific neurons

44
Q

Sensation

A

conversion of physical things into neural code (in sensory organs)

45
Q

Perception

A

processes sensory info into meaningful guide behavior (in brain)

46
Q

Visual Illusion - Light

A

how much lights is getting into our eye/how much is on the object

47
Q

Visual Illusion - Bi Stage Images

A

necker cube, depends on how you look at it

48
Q

Visual Illusion - Depth Perception

A

how we know how near or far something is

49
Q

Vision

A

dominates human senses, occupies more brain space

50
Q

Cornea

A

thing covering of the eye

51
Q

Iris

A

color part, adjusts pupil

52
Q

Pupil

A

opening in middle of the iris

53
Q

Lens

A

layer beneath eye surface, maintains focus by altering shape

54
Q

Retina

A

rear part, receives visual stimuli / sends it to brain through optic nerve

55
Q

Why Computers Can’t Perceive Like Humans?

A

objects can’t be hidden or blurred, doesn’t have viewpoint invariance, etc

56
Q

Viewpoint Invariance

A

ability to recognize objects from different viewpoint

57
Q

Bottom Up Processing

A

environmental energy stimulates receptors, no info about new thing (eye to brain)

58
Q

Top Down Processing

A

has knowledge/expectations about situation (starts in brain)

59
Q

Helmholtz’s Unconscious Inference

A

perceptions are results of unconscious assumptions we makes about environment

60
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

and organized whole that you perceive as different from the sum of its parts

61
Q

Apparent Movement

A

movement Is perceived but nothing is moving

62
Q

Gestalt - Good Continuation

A

perceive connected things with curves belong together (tangled necklace isn’t multiple pieces of a chain)

63
Q

Gestalt - Law of Pragnanz

A

patterns seen in structures in simplest form possible (vegetable section in store)

64
Q

Gestalt - Proximity

A

things appear close together are related (mother and daughter)

65
Q

Gestalt - Common Fate

A

elements moving together are a unified group (school of fish)

66
Q

Gestalt - Closure

A

fill in the blanks to make object a whole (TBM)

67
Q

Oblique Effect

A

perceive vertices/horizontals easier than other orientations

68
Q

Light From Above Assumption

A

perceive shadows as info about depth/distance

69
Q

Scene Schema

A

knowledge of what a given scene usually has (couch in living room)

70
Q

Bayesian Inference

A

estimate of probability of given outcome is influenced by prior probability / likelihood

71
Q

Prior Probability

A

beliefs or opinions

72
Q

Likelihood

A

available evidence is consistent with the outcome

Cognitive Psych Exam 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions