Chapter 1 Flashcards
Psychology
the scientific study of the mind, brain, and behavior
levels of analysis
rungs on a ladder of analysis, with lower levels tied most closely to biological influences and higher levels tied most closely to social influences
multiply determined
caused by many factors
anorexia nervosa
psychiatric condition marked by extreme weight loss and the perception that one is overweight even when one is massively underweight
individual differences
variations among people in their thinking, emotion, personality, and behavior
reciprocal determinism
the fact that we mutually influence each other’s behavior
naive realism
belief that we see the world precisely as it is
empiricism
the premise that knowledge should initially be acquired through observation
science
a systematic approach to evidence
scientific theory
explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world
hypothesis
testable prediction derived from a scientific theory
confirmation bias
tendency to seek out evidence that supports our beliefs and deny, dismiss, or distort evidence that contradicts them
belief perseverance
tendency to stick to our initial beliefs even when evidence contradicts them
metaphysical claim
assertion about the world that’s not testable
pseudoscience
set of claims that seems scientific but isnt
ad hoc immunizing hypothesis
escape hatch or loophole that defenders of a theory use to protect their theory from falsification