Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define Ethnicity
People of the same race or nationality who share a distinctive culture.
Human-Environment Interaction
The relationship between humans and their environment.
Define Culture
Everything that connects a group of people together.
Region
Characteristics of a place, including physical, political, economic and cultural
Define Socialization
How culture is learned.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
The document written by Eleanor Roosevelt stating the 30 basic human rights.
Define Stereotype
A generalization about a person or group of people without information.
Define Genocide
The deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, national, political or cultural group.
Define Scapegoat
To blame individual or group for the perceived failure of others.
Define Demagogue
A person who gains power through the emotion and prejudices of a group.
Define Cultural Hearth
Where a culture starts to spread.
Define Acculturation
Accepting something into a culture.
Define Religion
How people worship the divine being and how people treat each other.
Define Nation
A group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity.
What is the United Nations?
A collection of 192 nations who try to prevent future aggression and other bad things.
Define Population Growth
The birth rate minus the mortality rate.
Rural
Country life.
Urban
City life.
Define Migration
The movement of people from one place to another
Monotheistic
One god
Polytheistic
Many gods
Animistic
Nature
Language
Reflects physical area occupied by society, one of the most important aspects of culture.
Define Diffusion
The spread of ideas, inventions or behaviors.
Define Innovation
Taking existing technology and creating something new to meet a need.
Individual
Learns own cultures.
Family
Made up of individual that share daily practices.
Clan
Made up of families that share language and religion.
Tribe
Made up of clans that live together.
Define Racism
Hatred or intolerance of another race; people who believe their race is superior are racists.
Define Sexism
Inequality between men and women.
Define Anti-Semitism
Opposition to Jews.
Define Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s own ethnic, political, or religious group is superior to all others.
Define Prejudice
An unfavorable opinion formed against a person or group of people based on a steroetype.
Define Discrimination
When people judge other people based on prejudices and stereotypes.
Define Persecution
The oppression and or harassment of people based on their race, religion, color, etc.
Define Cultural Genocide
The deliberate and systematic destruction or assimilation of a culture without killing the person or people.
What is the 5 step process leading to genocide?
Stereotype > Prejudice > Discrimination > Persecution > Genocide!!!
Movement
There are three types of distance: linear, time, and psychological.
Place
Describes characteristics such as climate, landforms, and vegetation.
Absolute Location
Found using latitude and longitude.
Relative Location
Describes how a place is related to its surrounding environment.
Define Race
A group of people related by common descent or hereditary characteristics.
Values
Personal or societal ideas or objects which have special meaning to the quality of life.
Beliefs
Ideas which may be broadly shared or personal.
Norms
Agreements about what is expected to fit in with a culture.
Traditions
Customary acts, events, and holidays that are handed down from generation to generation.
Laws
Deliberately created and enforced by officials.
Folkways
Rules of ordinary behavior.
Mores
Customs believed to be necessary to the welfare of society; more strict.
Define Society
The territory occupied by a group of people.
Birth Rate
The number of live births per year.
Fertility Rate
Average number of children a woman of childbearing age would have.
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths among infants under age one.
Mortality Rate
Number of deaths per year.
Push factors cause…
People to move away from cities.
Define Carrying Capacity
The number of organisms a piece of land can support.
Pull factors cause…
People to move to cities.
Define Urbanization
People moving to cities.
Define Population Density
The average number of people who live in a measurable area.
Define State
An independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its affairs.
In a democracy…
The citizens hold the power.
In a monarchy…
The ruling family holds the power.
In a dictatorship…
One person or group of people hold the power.
In communism…
The government holds political and economic power in the name of he people.
Natural Boundaries are…
Based upon a physical feature of the land.
Artificial Boundaries are…
Fixed in a line following latitude or longitude lines.
Define Suburbs
Political units touching the borders of a central city.
Define Metropolitan Area
What is created when a city suburbs and ex burbs link together in economics.
Residential
Single family housing and apartments.
Industrial
Reserved for manufacturing.
Commercial
For private businesses and the buying and selling of retail products.
Central Business District
The center of the city.
A Mixed Economy is…
A combination of command and market economies.
A Market Economy is…
The production of goods and services determined by demand from consumers.
A Traditional Economy is…
When goods and services are traded without money.
A Command Economy is…
When the production of services and goods is determined by the government.
Primary Activities
Gathering raw materials for immediate use.
Secondary Activities
Adding value to the materials by changing their form.
Tertiary Activities
Providing business or professional services.
Quaternary Activities
Providing information and management by highly trained officials.
Natural Resources are…
Materials on or in the earth.
Renewable Resources are…
Replaceable through natural processes.
Non-Renewable Resources are…
Irreplaceable once removed.
Inexhaustible Resources are…
Unlimited.
Define Per Capita Income
The average amount of money earned by each person in a political unit.
Define Gross National Product
A commonly used statistic to measure economy.
Define GNP
The total value of all goods and services per country per year.
Define Gross Domestic Product
The total value of all the goods and services from inside a country per year.
