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Gen Chem I and II > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and volume

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2
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter present (not the same as weight)

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3
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space that something (matter) occupies

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4
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work

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5
Q

First Law of Thermodynamics

A

AKA the Law of Conservation of Energy
states that matter cannot be created, nor destroyed, only converted from one form to another

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6
Q

Physical state of solids

A

Definite volume and definite shape

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7
Q

Physical state of liquids

A

Definite volume but indefinite shape

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8
Q

Physical state of gas

A

Indefinite volume and indefinite shape

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9
Q

Pure substance

A

A single type of matter that cannot be separated into other types by physical means

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10
Q

Mixture

A

A physical combination of two or more pure substances, in which each substance retains its own chemical identity

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11
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler pure substances by chemical means

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12
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means
— this is a combination of elements connected by bonds

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13
Q

T or F: do compounds have their own unique sets of properties?

A

True

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14
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

Has one distinct phase with uniform, composition, and properties throughout

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15
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Contains visibly different phases, which have different properties and compositions

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16
Q

Physical properties of matter

A

Characteristic of a substance that can be observed, without changing the basic identity of the substance

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17
Q

Examples of physical properties

A

Color, odor, physical state, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness

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18
Q

Physical change

A

Process in which a substance changes its physical appearance, but not its chemical composition
— no bonds are broken or formed

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19
Q

Chemical properties of matter

A

Characteristic of a substance that describes the way, the substance undergoes, or resist change to form a new substance enter

20
Q

Chemical change

A

Process in which a substance undergoes a change in chemical composition
— a chemical reaction must take place, and if it does, we can write a chemical equation for it

21
Q

SI

A

Aka the metric system, an international system of measurement developed in France

22
Q

SI base unit for length

A

Meter (m)

23
Q

SI base unit for mass

A

Kilogram (kg)

24
Q

SI base unit for time

A

Second (s)

25
Q

SI base unit for temperature

A

Kelvin (K)

26
Q

Kilo-

A

1000 (k)

27
Q

Centi-

A

100 (c)

28
Q

Milli-

A

1000 (m)

29
Q

Micro-

A

1×10^6 (u)

30
Q

Nano-

A

1 x 10^9 (n)

31
Q

1 cm^3 (cubic centimeter or cc) = what in liquids?

A

1 mL

32
Q

Precision

A

Degree of agreement among several measurements of the same quality
– precision is reproducibility

33
Q

The more digits or decimal places that go out,

A

the less uncertainty there is about the measurement, and the more precise the measurement will be

34
Q

Accuracy

A

Degree of agreement of a value with the true or accepted value

35
Q

Sig fig rules: leading zeros

A

Never significant

36
Q

Sig fig rules: internal zeros

A

Always significant

37
Q

Sig fig rules: trailing zeros

A

After the decimal -> significant
Before the decimal -> not significant

38
Q

Sig figs: multiplication and division

A

The number of sig figs in the result = the number of sig figs in least precise measurement used in the calculation

39
Q

Sig figs: addition and subtraction

A

The number of sig figs in the result = the number of decimal places in the least accurate measurement

40
Q

Conversion factor

A

A ratio that specifies how one unit of measurement is related to another
– always come in pairs

41
Q

Density

A

The ratio of the mass of an object to the volume occupied by that object

42
Q

Density =

A

Mass / volume

43
Q

Common units for density

A

g/cm^3 for solids
g/mL for liquids

44
Q

Kelvin (K) =

A

Degrees C + 273.15
— no negative K exists

45
Q

Scientific method

A

Observations and measurements -> hypothesis -> experiment -> model or theory -> further experiment

Gen Chem I and II (6 decks)

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