Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Chapters 1-2 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is psychology

A

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is critical thinking ?

A

Process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pseudopsychologies

A

Psychology that relies upon non scientific or fraudulent methods to explain personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are psychology’s 4 main goals

A

DEPC
Description (what)
Explication (why)
Prédiction (when)
Change ( how can we improve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nature vs Nature controversy

A

Humans are being controlled by biological and genetic factors vs humans being controlled by their environment and learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward to monitor and report on the contents of consciousness (bias for structuralism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structuralism

A

Founded by Edward Titchener
Seeks to identify the elements of thought through introspection and then determine how the basic building blocks (structures) form the experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Functionalism

A

Strongly influenced by Darwin studies how the mind functions to adapt to others in their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychoanalytic approach

A

Founded by Sigmund Freud says that the unconscious thoughts and desires greatly influence behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psychodynamic

A

Psychology perspective focuses on the unconscious dynamics, internal motives, and childhood experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Behavioral

A

Psychology perspective
Focuses on objective and observable influences on behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Humanistic

A

Psychology perspective
Emphasizes free will, self actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Information processing approach

A

Used by cognitive psychologist likens the mind to a computer that sequentially take in information processes it and produces response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biological

A

Psychology perspectives emphasizes genetics and biological processes in the brain (parts of the nervous system) as an influence to behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evolutionary

A

Major psychology perspectives focuses on natural selection, adaptation and evolution of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sociocultural

A

Major psychology perspectives focuses on social interaction and cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Boipsychosocial model

A

Widely accepted approach views biological processes, psychological factors, and social forces as interrelated influences that interacts with the seven major perspectives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Basic research

A

Research conducted to advance scientific knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Applied research

A

Research designed to solve practical problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Theory

A

Systematic, interrelated set of concepts that explain a body of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Informed consent

A

APA guideline regarding human participants saying they much agree to take part in the study after knowing what to expect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

DĂ©briefing

A

After completion of the experiment the explanation for conducting the research and clearing up the misconceptions, questions, or concerns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Experimental research

A

Most powerful research method allows experiments to manipulate isolate and control variables and determine cause and effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Variables

A

Factors in the experiment- Independent (manipulated) or dependent (measured and is affect by dependent) or extraneous (others that could affect study’s outcome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Exoerimenter bias

A

Occurs when researcher influences research results in the expected direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Single blind study

A

Only the researcher and not the participants knows who is in either the experimental or control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Double blind study

A

Both the researcher and participants are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Believing one’s culture is typical of all cultures and viewing their own as central and correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Placebo

A

Inactive substance treatment used as a control technique usually in drug research or given to patient

30
Q

Placebo effect

A

When patients are given a placebo and have a perceived or actual improvement in medical condition

31
Q

Sample bias

A

Occurs when research participants are not representative of the larger population

32
Q

Random assignment

A

Using chance methods to assign participants to experimental or control conditions to avoid extraneous variables

33
Q

Participants bias

A

Occurs when experimental conditions influence the participants behavior or mental processes

34
Q

Descriptive research

A

Research methods that observe and record behavior and mental processes without producing casual explanations

35
Q

Survey

A

Type of descriptive research where a large sample of people are questioned to assess their behaviors and attitudes

36
Q

Case study

A

Type of descriptive research where an in-depth study is done on a single participant

37
Q

Correlational research

A

Research method in where variables are observed or measured (without directly manipulation) to identify relationships between them

38
Q

Biological research

A

Scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system

39
Q

Cultural universals

A

Aspects of human behavior and mental processes that are true and pancultural for all people

40
Q

Neuroscience

A

Field of studying how biological processes relate to behavior and mental processes

41
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell that processes ans transmits information basic building blocks of nervous system responsible for receiving transmitting h electrochemical information

42
Q

Cell body

A

Part of neuron containing call nucleus as well as other structures that help the neuron carry out its functions aka soma

43
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Layer of fatty insulation wrapped around the axon of some neurons, which
increases the rate at which nerve impulses travel along the axon

44
Q

Action poitential

A

Neural impulse, or brief electrical charge, that carries information along the axon
of a neuron.
The action potential is generated when positively charged ions move in and out
through channels in the axon’s membrane

45
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemicals released by neurons that travel across the synaptic gap and allow
neurons to communicate with one another

46
Q

Endorphins

A

Chemicals released by neurons that travel across the synaptic gap and allow
neurons to communicate with one another

47
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

48
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

All nerves and neurons connecting the central nervous system to the rest of the
body

49
Q

Stem cell

A

Immature (uncommitted) cells that have the potential to develop into almost any
type of cell depending on the chemical signals they receive

50
Q

Reflex

A

Innate, automatic response to a stimulus

51
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that connects to sensory
receptors and controls skeletal muscles

52
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary functions,
such as heart rate and digestion.

53
Q

Endocrine system

A

Collection of glands located throughout the body that manufacture and secrete
hormones into the bloodstream

54
Q

Brain stem

A

Area of the brain that houses parts of the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, and
helps regulate reflex activities critical for survival (such as heartbeat and
respiration)

55
Q

Hindbrain

A

Collection of brain structures including the medulla, pons, and cerebellum

56
Q

Medulla

A

Hindbrain structure responsible for vital, automatic functions, such as respiration
and heartbeat

57
Q

Cerebellum

A

Hindbrain structure responsible for coordinating fine muscle movement, balance,
and some perception and cognition

58
Q

Midbrain

A

Collection of brain structures in the middle of the brain responsible for
coordinating movement patterns, sleep, and arousal

59
Q

Forebrain

A

Collection of upper-level brain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus,
limbic system, and cerebral cortex

60
Q

Thalamus

A

Forebrain structure at the top of the brainstem, serves as the brain’s switchboard
relaying sensory messages to the cerebral cortex

61
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Small brain structure beneath the thalamus that heps govern drives (hunger,
thirst, sex, and aggression) and hormones

62
Q

Lambic system

A

Interconnected group of forebrain structures involved with emotions, drives, and
memory

63
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Thin surface layer on the cerebral hemispheres that regulates most complex
behavior, including sensations, motor control, and higher mental processes

64
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Two lobes at the front of the brain governing motor control, speech production,
and higher functions, such as thinking, personality, emotion, and memory.

65
Q

Occipital lobes

A

Two lobes at the back of the brain responsible for vision and visual perception

66
Q

Association areas

A

So-called quiet areas in the cerebral cortex involved in interpreting, integrating,
and acting on information processed by other parts of the brain

67
Q

Split brain surgery

A

Cutting of the corpus callossum to separate the brain’s two hemispheres. When
used medically to treat severe epilepsy, split-brain patients provide data on the
functions of the two hemispheres.

68
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

Study of the relative effects of heredity and the environment on behavior and
mental processes

69
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

Branch of psychology that studies how evolutionary processes, like natural
selection and genetic mutations, affect behavior and mental processes

70
Q

Chromosome

A

Treadlike molecule of DNA that carries genetic information

71
Q

Gene

A

Segment of DNA that occupies a specific place on a particular chromosome and
carries the code for hereditary transmission

72
Q

Heretabilty

A

Measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited
factors versus the environment

Psychology Chapters 1-2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions