chapter 1

Question 1

in science, a concept that is supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data (such as evolution) is called a scientific

Answer 1

principle, theory, law

Question 2

the characteristics of all organisms that describes a change in behavior when a stimulus is introduced is called

Answer 2

response

Question 3

organisms maintain stable internal conditions in a process called

Answer 3

homesostasis

Question 4

an evolutionary adaptation suits an organism to its

Answer 4

environment

Question 5

the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms is called

Answer 5

systematics

Question 6

the largest classification category, of which bacteria and eukarya are examples is

Answer 6

domain

Question 7

the division of the domain eukarya into six ___ reflect the different evolutionary paths of eukaryotes determined by DNA analyses

Answer 7

supergroups

Question 8

systematics classifies organisms according to their ___ relationships

Answer 8

evolutionary

Question 9

as part of the scientific method, observations may be made

Answer 9

both before and after the formation of a hypothesis

Question 10

which of these is typically used to test a hypothesis

Answer 10

experimentation

Question 11

also known as the independent variable, the factor in an experiment that is being tested is called the

Answer 11

experimental

Question 12

the change that occurs due to the experimental treatment is called the

Answer 12

responding variable

Question 13

the results of a scientific experiment are called

Answer 13

data

Question 14

true or false: in a study that tests how well two different antibiotics work to treat ulcers, everyone receives the experimental variable (the antibiotics)

Answer 14

false

Question 15

the discipline of identifying and grouping organisms

Answer 15

taxonomy

Question 16

the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Answer 16

systematics

Question 17

the application of scientific knowledge to the interest of humans is called

Answer 17

technology

Question 18

changes in the normal cycles of prevailing weather conditions primarily due to imbalance in the carbon cycle

Answer 18

climate change

Question 19

a rise in temperature due to increased carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere

Answer 19

global warming

Question 20

carbon dioxide and other gases absorbing and radiating heat back to earth

Answer 20

greenhouse effect

Question 21

the complete eradication (loss, death, destruction) of a species or larger classification category is called

Answer 21

extinction

Question 22

studies have shown that ___ cannot function properly unless they raisin biologically diverse

Answer 22

ecosystems

Question 23

Ailments such as H5N1, H1N1, SARS, and MERS are examples of ___, unavailable disease, meaning they are relatively new to human

Answer 23

emergent

Question 24

in the scientific name for humans, sapiens is the

Answer 24

species name

Question 25

a possible explanation for a natural event that is often tested by experimentation is called a

Answer 25

hypothesis

Question 26

what do all living organisms require

Answer 26

energy, materials

Question 27

the genus that includes the garden pea is PISUM and the species of a specific pea plant is SATIVUM.

Answer 27

Pisa sativum, P. sativum

Question 28

t or f: a theory is the same as a hypothesis

Answer 28

false

Question 29

what are the things that scientists can use to make observations

Answer 29

their senses, previous studies, tools or instruments

Question 30

the biodiversity on earth is estimated to contain over ___ species.

Answer 30

8.7 million

Question 31

which characteristic is found in all living organisms

Answer 31

require energy, responds to stimuli, reproduces

Question 32

the smallest unit of life and the biological level at which the properties of life are first observed is the

Answer 32

cell

Question 33

group of similar cells the perform a particular function

Answer 33

tissue

Question 34

the capacity to do work is called

Answer 34

energy

Question 35

cells convert nutrient molecules during chemical reactions that are referred to as ___ which can provide energy to perform functions in cells

Answer 35

metabolism

Question 36

the type of reproduction that is most often used by multicellular organisms is

Answer 36

combining an egg and sperm

Question 37

a feutre including structure, function, and behavior that makes an organism better suited to a specific environment is called a

Answer 37

adaptation

Question 38

which of the following are the three domains of life

Answer 38

archaea, eukarya, bacteria

Question 39

the change that occurs due to the experimental treatment is called the

Answer 39

responding variable

Question 40

what part of a scientific study is often presented in tables and graphs

Answer 40

data

Question 41

t or f: all eukaryotes are more closely related to one another than to any prokaryote

Answer 41

true

Question 42

a simple sugar molecule

Answer 42

monosaccharide

Question 43

identify the reason why scientists are looking for water on europa

Answer 43

water is the fundamental molecule for all life

Question 44

matter can be found in which of the following states

Answer 44

plasma, liquid, solid, gas

Question 45

an atoms is the smallest unit of a

Answer 45

element

Question 46

proteins assist the animal body in which of the following ways

Answer 46

fighting off infections, chemical signaling, chemical reactions

Question 47

what are the functions of fats

Answer 47

protection of major organs insulation against heat loss energy storage

Question 48

what are the functions of cholesterol

Answer 48

component of the plasma membrane, precursor of bile salts, precursor of sex hormones

Question 49

rna is produced by

Answer 49

complementary base pairing to a DNA strand

Question 50

an atom is composed of

Answer 50

subatomic particles

Question 51

the contractile molecule in muscles cells are

Answer 51

proteins

Question 52

liquid at room temperature and usually produces by plants

Answer 52

oil

Question 53

solid at room temperature and are usually produced by animals

Answer 53

fat

Question 54

cholesterol is a

Answer 54

steroid

Question 55

identify the nucleotide that is not present in an RNA strand

Answer 55

thymine

Question 56

the periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic

Answer 56

number

Question 57

on the periodic table ___ have common physical and chemical characteristics

Answer 57

elements

Question 58

a radioactive isotope, such as carbon-14, emits energy as which of the following

Answer 58

subatomic particles, rays

Question 59

what are the functions of fats

Answer 59

store energy, protect vital organs, and insulation

Question 60

the valance shell of an atom is important because it

Answer 60

determines many chemical properties of an atom

Question 61

what forms when two or more atom bond together

Answer 61

a molecule

Question 62

if an atom gains an electron it will become a

Answer 62

negatively charged ion

Question 63

when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in its outermost orbital

Answer 63

covalent