chapter 1 Flashcards
in science, a concept that is supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data (such as evolution) is called a scientific
principle, theory, law
the characteristics of all organisms that describes a change in behavior when a stimulus is introduced is called
response
organisms maintain stable internal conditions in a process called
homesostasis
an evolutionary adaptation suits an organism to its
environment
the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms is called
systematics
the largest classification category, of which bacteria and eukarya are examples is
domain
the division of the domain eukarya into six ___ reflect the different evolutionary paths of eukaryotes determined by DNA analyses
supergroups
systematics classifies organisms according to their ___ relationships
evolutionary
as part of the scientific method, observations may be made
both before and after the formation of a hypothesis
which of these is typically used to test a hypothesis
experimentation
also known as the independent variable, the factor in an experiment that is being tested is called the
experimental
the change that occurs due to the experimental treatment is called the
responding variable
the results of a scientific experiment are called
data
true or false: in a study that tests how well two different antibiotics work to treat ulcers, everyone receives the experimental variable (the antibiotics)
false
the discipline of identifying and grouping organisms
taxonomy
the study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms
systematics
the application of scientific knowledge to the interest of humans is called
technology
changes in the normal cycles of prevailing weather conditions primarily due to imbalance in the carbon cycle
climate change
a rise in temperature due to increased carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere
global warming
carbon dioxide and other gases absorbing and radiating heat back to earth
greenhouse effect
the complete eradication (loss, death, destruction) of a species or larger classification category is called
extinction
studies have shown that ___ cannot function properly unless they raisin biologically diverse
ecosystems
Ailments such as H5N1, H1N1, SARS, and MERS are examples of ___, unavailable disease, meaning they are relatively new to human
emergent
in the scientific name for humans, sapiens is the
species name
a possible explanation for a natural event that is often tested by experimentation is called a
hypothesis
what do all living organisms require
energy, materials
the genus that includes the garden pea is PISUM and the species of a specific pea plant is SATIVUM.
Pisa sativum, P. sativum
t or f: a theory is the same as a hypothesis
false
what are the things that scientists can use to make observations
their senses, previous studies, tools or instruments
the biodiversity on earth is estimated to contain over ___ species.
8.7 million
which characteristic is found in all living organisms
require energy, responds to stimuli, reproduces
the smallest unit of life and the biological level at which the properties of life are first observed is the
cell
group of similar cells the perform a particular function
tissue
the capacity to do work is called
energy
cells convert nutrient molecules during chemical reactions that are referred to as ___ which can provide energy to perform functions in cells
metabolism
the type of reproduction that is most often used by multicellular organisms is
combining an egg and sperm
a feutre including structure, function, and behavior that makes an organism better suited to a specific environment is called a
adaptation
which of the following are the three domains of life
archaea, eukarya, bacteria
the change that occurs due to the experimental treatment is called the
responding variable
what part of a scientific study is often presented in tables and graphs
data
t or f: all eukaryotes are more closely related to one another than to any prokaryote
true
a simple sugar molecule
monosaccharide
identify the reason why scientists are looking for water on europa
water is the fundamental molecule for all life
matter can be found in which of the following states
plasma, liquid, solid, gas
an atoms is the smallest unit of a
element
proteins assist the animal body in which of the following ways
fighting off infections, chemical signaling, chemical reactions
what are the functions of fats
protection of major organs insulation against heat loss energy storage
what are the functions of cholesterol
component of the plasma membrane, precursor of bile salts, precursor of sex hormones
rna is produced by
complementary base pairing to a DNA strand
an atom is composed of
subatomic particles
the contractile molecule in muscles cells are
proteins
liquid at room temperature and usually produces by plants
oil
solid at room temperature and are usually produced by animals
fat
cholesterol is a
steroid
identify the nucleotide that is not present in an RNA strand
thymine
the periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic
number
on the periodic table ___ have common physical and chemical characteristics
elements
a radioactive isotope, such as carbon-14, emits energy as which of the following
subatomic particles, rays
what are the functions of fats
store energy, protect vital organs, and insulation
the valance shell of an atom is important because it
determines many chemical properties of an atom
what forms when two or more atom bond together
a molecule
if an atom gains an electron it will become a
negatively charged ion
when two atoms share electrons in such a way that each atom has an octet of electrons in its outermost orbital
covalent
