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Sensation and Perception > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Detection of physical energy by our senses

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2
Q

Perception

A

Brain’s interpretation of the signals

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3
Q

Transduction

A

Physical energy is converted to electrochemical signals so the brain can process

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4
Q

7 Steps of Perceptual Process

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Light is reflected and focused
  3. Receptor processes
  4. Neural processing
  5. Perception
  6. Recognition
  7. Action
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5
Q

5 Senses

A
  1. vision
  2. auditory
  3. olfaction
  4. gustation
  5. somatosensory
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6
Q

Receptor Processes

A
  • Specialized cells respond to environmental stimuli
  • Each sensory system’s receptors can only respond to a specific type of energy
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7
Q

Receptors for Light

A

photoreceptors (rods and cones)

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8
Q

Receptors of Sound

A

Hair cells in the inner ear

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9
Q

Receptors of Taste

A
  • Taste bud
  • Taste hair
  • Gustatory cell
  • Supporting cell
  • Sensory nerve fiber
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10
Q

Receptors of Smell

A
  • olfactory receptors
  • olfactory bulb
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11
Q

Receptors of Touch

A
  • Meissner Corpuscle = Heavy pressure
  • Pacinian Corpuscle = Vibration
  • Merkel Disks = Light Touch
  • Ruffini Endings = Skin Stretch
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12
Q

Neural Processing

A
  • Changes occur as signals are transmitted from receptors to neurons to receiving areas in the brain
  • signals can be prevented OR amplified
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13
Q

Frontal Lobe Controls

A
  • motor control
  • concentration, planning, problem solving
  • speech
  • smell
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14
Q

Parietal Lobe Controls

A
  • touch
  • pressure
  • taste
  • body awareness
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15
Q

Occipital Lobe Controls

A

Vision

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16
Q

Cerebellum Controls

A

coordination

17
Q

Temporal Lobe Controls

A
  • Hearing
  • Facial Recognition
18
Q

Behavior Responses

A
  • signals are turned into conscious experiences (perception)
  • placing object into a category (recognition)
  • involving motor activities such as walking, moving eyes/head (action)
19
Q

Visual form Agnosia

A

Inability or difficulty recognizing objects (caused by brain injury)
- able to see object but unable to identify it

20
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability or difficulty recognizing a face “face blindness”
- unable to recognize their face or family members

21
Q

Patient “WJ”

A
  • had a stroke
  • Prosopagnosia
  • became a farmer
  • found it easier to identify sheep instead of human faces
22
Q

Patient “Mr. W”

A
  • unable to recognize faces
  • thought he looked funny
  • no difficulty identifying his own cows and dogs by general colors, form, etc
23
Q

Patient “MX”

A
  • farmer
  • had lesions in the occipital lobes
  • had prosopagnosia, eventually disappeared
  • unable to recognize his cows
24
Q

Top-Down Processing

A

Influenced by experiences, beliefs, and expectations, “knowledge-based” processing, most common form
- Vision experiment

25
Q

Bottom-Up Processing

A

Whole is constructed form parts, the most basic sensation and perception, “entry level”, data based processing
- Ex: chefs blind taste test

26
Q

Measuring Perception (3)

A
  1. Thresholds
  2. Absolute Threshold
  3. Different Threshold
27
Q

Threshold

A
  • measure limits of the sensory systems
  • measure of minimums
28
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

Lowest level of a stimulus needed for nervous system to detect a change (50% of the time)

29
Q

Difference Threshold

A
  • Sometimes called “just noticeable difference”
  • smallest change of intensity of a stimulus that we can detect
30
Q

Weber’s Law

A

To perceive a difference, 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (not a constant amount)
- true for most senses, but every sense is different
- keys vs penny

31
Q

Human Sensory System

A
  • Not as sensitive to changes in weight as old scale
  • Difference threshold for weight = 2%
  • Ex: 2% of 200 is 4 (4 is needed to detect a difference)
32
Q

Magnitude Estimation

A
  • humans are good at estimating line length but not too good at electric shock or brightness
33
Q

Response Expansion

A

Perceived magnitude increases more than the increase in actual intensity (electric shock)

34
Q

Response Compression

A

Increase in perceived magnitude is smaller than increase in actual intensity (Brightness)

35
Q

Reaction Time

A

The time between stimulus presentation and reaction
- reaction time is slower when not paying attention

36
Q

Phenomenological Report

A
  • Describing what you see
  • We perceive objects and backgrounds based on our experiences
    SUBJECTIVE

Sensation and Perception (4 decks)

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