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HUMAN BODY ORIENTATION > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Study

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

Physiology

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3
Q

study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

A

Anatomy

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4
Q

• Very small structures
• Can only be viewed with a microscope

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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5
Q

• Large structures
• Easily observable

A

Gross Anatomy

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6
Q

Levels of Study

A

Anatomy

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7
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. Organ System Level
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8
Q

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind

A

Posterior (Dorsal)

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9
Q

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

A

Anterior (Ventral)

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10
Q

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

A

Inferior (Caudal)

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11
Q

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

A

Superior (Cranial or Cephalad)

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12
Q

ABDOMINOPELVIC MAJOR ORGANS

A

Lung
Liver
Heart
Diaphragm
Spleen
Stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine (colon)
Rectum

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13
Q

Abdominopelvic Regions

A

Right hypochondriac region
Right Lumbar region
Right Iliac Region
Epigastric Region
Umbilical Region
Hypogastric Region
Left hypochondriac region
Left Lumbar region
Left Iliac Region

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14
Q

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A

Right Upper Quadrant
Left Upper Quadrant
Right Lower Quadrant
Left Lower Quadrant

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15
Q

Ventral Body Cavities

A

Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity

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16
Q

Dorsal Body Cavities

A

Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity

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17
Q

Body Cavities

A

Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Thoracic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity

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18
Q

The Three-Body Planes

A

Midsagittal (Median)
Frontal (coronal) plane
Transverse plane

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19
Q

What are the two body landmarks?

A

Anterior and Posterior

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20
Q

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

A

Proximal

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21
Q

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

A

Intermediate

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22
Q

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

A

Lateral

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23
Q

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

A

Medial

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24
Q

Special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
• Exact terms are used for:

A

• Position
• Direction
• Regions
• Structures

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25
Q

The Language of Anatomy

A

Special terminology

26
Q

__________________ is used to prevent misunderstanding.

A

Special terminology

27
Q

• Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther
• In the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby

A

• Positive feedback

28
Q

• Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms
• Shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity
• Works like a household thermostat

A

• Negative feedback

29
Q

TYPES OF FEEDBACK MECHANISMS

A

• Negative feedback
• Positive feedback

30
Q

• Provides a means for response to the stimulus

A

• Effector

31
Q

• Determines set point
• Analyzes information
• Determines appropriate response

A

• Control center

32
Q

• Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli)
• Sends information to control center

A

Receptor

33
Q

Maintaining Homeostasis

• The body communicates through neural and hormonal control
systems

A

• Receptor
• Control center
• Effector

34
Q

The body communicates through neural and hormonal control
systems

A

Maintaining Homeostasis

35
Q

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

A

a dynamic state of equilibrium

36
Q

_____________ must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life.

A

Homeostasis

37
Q

a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease

A

Homeostatic imbalance

38
Q

• 60–80% of body weight
• Provides for metabolic reaction

A

Water

39
Q

Required for chemical reactions

A

Oxygen

40
Q

• Chemicals for energy and cell building
• Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

A

Nutrients

41
Q

What are the 5 Survival needs?

A

• Nutrients
• Oxygen
• Water
• Stable body temperature
• Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate

42
Q

• Increasing of cell size and number

A

Growth

43
Q

• Production of future generation

A

Reproduction

44
Q

chemical reactions within the body
• Production of energy
• Making body structures

A

Metabolism

45
Q

• Break-down and delivery of nutrients

A

• Digestion

46
Q

• Ability to sense changes and react

A

• Responsiveness

47
Q

• Locomotion
• Movement of substances

A

Movement

48
Q

What are the Necessary Life Functions

A

• Maintain Boundaries
• Movement
• Responsiveness
• Digestion
• Metabolism
• Respiration
• Excretion
• Reproduction
• Respiration
• Growth

49
Q

• Production of offspring

A

• Reproductive

50
Q

• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
• Maintains acid – base balance
• Regulates water and electrolytes

A

Urinary

51
Q

• Breaks down food
• Allows for nutrient absorption into
blood
• Eliminates indigestible material

A

Digestive

52
Q

• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen
• Removes carbon dioxide

A

• Respiratory System

53
Q

• Returns fluids to blood vessels
• Disposes of debris
• Involved in immunity

A

Lymphatic System

54
Q

• Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart
• Oxygen
• Carbon dioxide
• Nutrients
• Wastes

A

Cardiovascular System

55
Q

• Secretes regulatory hormones
• Growth
• Reproduction
• Metabolism

A

• Endocrine System

56
Q

• Fast-acting control system
• Responds to internal and external change
• Activates muscles and glands

A

• Nervous System

57
Q

• Allows locomotion
• Maintains posture
• Produces heat

A

Muscular

58
Q

Protects and supports body organs
• Provides muscle attachment for movement
• Site of blood cell formation
• Stores mineral

A

Skeletal

59
Q

Forms the external body covering, Protects deeper tissue from
injury, Synthesizes vitamin D, Location of cutaneous
nerve receptors

A

• Integumentary

60
Q

An Orientation

A

The Human Body

HUMAN BODY ORIENTATION (2 decks)

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