Chapter 1

Question 1

Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle of an element that retains its unique chemical characteristics

Question 2

Molecule

Answer 2

A collection of atoms chemically bonded together in fixed proportions and arrangement

Question 3

Chemistry

Answer 3

The science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

A tentative explanation for a set of observations

Question 5

Scientific law

Answer 5

A statement that summarizes last observations and predicts future ones

Question 6

Scientific theory

Answer 6

A general explanation of widely observed phenomena that has been extensively tested

Question 7

Law of conservation of mass (Lavoisier)

Answer 7

In a chemical reaction, matter is neither created nor destroyed so mass stays constant

Question 8

Dalton’s atomic theory

Answer 8

Matter is composed of small, indestructible particles called atoms which are rearranged in a chemical reaction.

Question 9

Application of scientific method 1

Answer 9

What is the hypothesis underlying the situation?

Question 10

Application of scientific method 2

Answer 10

How could you evaluate the hypothesis?

Question 11

Application of scientific method 3

Answer 11

What types of observations or data might you expect?

Question 12

Application of scientific method 4

Answer 12

How might you modify your experiments if the data doesn’t modify your experiments if the data doesn’t support the hypothesis?

Question 13

Gas

Answer 13

Volume and shape are variable

Question 14

Solid

Answer 14

Volume and shape are fixed

Question 15

Liquid

Answer 15

Volume is fixed but shape is variable

Question 16

Crystalline

Answer 16

Solid with atoms or molecules arranged in patterns with a long-range, repeating order

Question 17

Amorphous

Answer 17

Solid with no long-range, repeating order of its atoms or molecules

Question 18

Pure substance

Answer 18

Only one chemical

Question 19

Element

Answer 19

Only one kind of atom

Question 20

Compound

Answer 20

2 or more elements bonded together in a fixed composition

Question 21

Mixture

Answer 21

2 or more chemicals

Question 22

Homogeneous

Answer 22

Uniform composition

Question 23

Heterogeneous

Answer 23

Non-uniform composition

Question 24

Decanting

Answer 24

Method of pouring immiscible liquids by pouring the top layer into another container

Question 25

Distillation

Answer 25

Process which mixtures are heated to boil off the volatile liquid which is recondensed into a separate container

Question 26

Volatile

Answer 26

Tending to vaporize easily

Question 27

Filtration

Answer 27

Pour mixture through filter paper or some other porous membrane layer to filter

Question 28

Physical changes

Answer 28

Alter state or appearance

Question 29

Chemical changes

Answer 29

Alter state of matter

Question 30

Physical properties

Answer 30

Displays without changing its composition

Question 31

Chemical properties

Answer 31

Property that a substance- displays only by changing its composition via chemical change

Question 32

Energy

Answer 32

Capacity to do work

Question 33

Work

Answer 33

Action of a force through a distance

Question 34

Kinetic energy

Answer 34

Energy associated with motion

Question 35

Potential energy

Answer 35

Energy associated with position and composition

Question 36

Thermal energy

Answer 36

Energy associated with temperature of an object

Question 37

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 37

Energy can’t be created nor destroyed