Chapter 1 Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of structure
Physiology
the study of function
Inspection
a way to study anatomy by looking at it
observing gross anatomy vs microscopic anatomy
what are the three forms of physical examinations?
-palpation
-auscultation
-percussion
what is palpation?
examining the body by feeling with the hands
what is auscultation?
examining the body by listening to it
what is percussion?
examining the body by tapping on it
dissection
way to study cadavers
comparative anatomy
comparing anatomy between species
medical imaging
used to study the anatomy of a living patient
what are the five ways to study anatomy?
1 . inspection
2. physical examinations
3. dissection
4. comparative anatomy
5. medical imaging
what is reductionism?
- the “bottom-up” approach to studying the body
- understanding the parts helps you understand the whole body
what is holism?
- the “top-down” approach to studying anatomy
- “we are more than just the sum of our parts”
what happens when a person has situs inversus?
their organs are on opposite sides of the body than normal
what are the three parts of a feedback mechanism?
-receptor (sensory neurons)
-control center (brain/interneurons)
-effector (motor neurons)
what are the two major feedback mechanisms?
-Negative feedback
-Positive feedback
what is negative feedback?
-the most common feedback mechanism
-used to correct deviation from the set point
what is positive feedback?
-the less common feedback mechanism
-deviation from the set point gives rise to further deviation
what is dissection?
carefully cutting and separating tissues to reveal their relationships
what is a cadaver?
a dead human body
what is exploratory surgery?
the opening of the body and taking a look inside to see what is wrong and what can be done
what is medical imaging?
methods of viewing the inside of the body without surgery
what is gross anatomy?
when a structure can be seen with the naked eye, either by surface observation, radiology, or dissection
what is radiology?
the branch of medicine concerned with imaging
what is comparative physiology?
the study of how different species have solved problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction
what is cytology?
the study of the structure and function of individual cells
what is ultrastructure?
the fine details revealed by an electron microscope
what is an organism?
a single, complete individual
what is an organ system?
a group of organs with a unique collective function
what is an organ?
a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to carry out a particular function
what is tissue?
a mass of similar cells and cell products that forms a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function
what are organelles?
microscopic structures in a cell that carry out all basic functions of life
what is metabolism?
the sum of all internal chemical change
What is homeostasis?
when an organism detects and reacts to change and maintains relatively stable internal conditions
what is histology?
the study of tissues
what is dynamic equilibrium?
balanced change
what is the set point?
an average value for a given variable
what is vasodilation?
the widening of blood vessels
what is vasoconstriction?
the narrowing of the blood vessels
what is a receptor?
a structure that senses change in the body
what is the integrating center?
a mechanism that processes information from receptors, relates it to other available information and makes a decision about an appropriate response
what is an effector?
the cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action
what is the cell theory?
all structure and function results from the activity of cells
what are cells?
the smallest unit of an organism that carry out all of the basic functions of life
