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Organic Chem > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Neutral carbon atom has ______ single bonds

A

4

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2
Q

Carbocation has ______ single bonds

A

3

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3
Q

Carbanion has _____ single bonds and ____

A

3, 1 lone pair

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4
Q

Describe carbene

A

2 single bonds and 1 lone pair

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5
Q

Formal charge calculation

A

FC = valence electrons - (bonds + dots)

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6
Q

Charges on atoms are

A

REACTIVE

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7
Q

Charges are sites where ____________

A

Reactions occur

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8
Q

If an atom has MORE lone pairs/bonds than it does in its neutral state, it has a ______ charge

A

Negative

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9
Q

If an atom has LESS lone pairs/bonds than it does in its neutral state, it has a ______ charge

A

Positive

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10
Q

a single bond has ____ areas of overlap

A

1

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11
Q

a double bond has ____ areas of overlap

A

3

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12
Q

a triple bond has ____ areas of overlap

A

5

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13
Q

how to determine a coordination number

A

count the number of “things” attached to the atom
(bonds/long pairs) - double/triple bonds only count as 1

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14
Q

coordination number of 2

A

sp
linear

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15
Q

coordination number of 3

A

sp2
trigonal planar

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16
Q

coordination number of 4

A

sp3
tetrahedral

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17
Q

1 degree carbon

A

methyl
“end point”

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18
Q

2 degree carbon

A

methylene
“linker”

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19
Q

3 degree carbon

A

methine
“branch point”

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20
Q

4 degree carbon

A

quaternary
“branch point”

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21
Q

formal charge equation

A

FC = valence electrons - (bonds + dots)

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22
Q

if an atom gains a bond or lone pair it will have a ___ charge

A

-1

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23
Q

if an atom looses a bond or lone pair it will have a ___ charge

A

+1

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24
Q

carbocation

A

carbon with 3 bonds and NO lone pair

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25
Q

carboanion

A

carbon with 3 bonds and a lone pair

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26
Q

empty

A

empty

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27
Q

row 2 elements (BCNOF) can have __________ electrons under the octet rule

A

6, 8

28
Q

row 3 elements (Al,Si,P,S,Cl) can have _________ electrons under the octet rule

A

6, 8, 10, 12, 14

29
Q

a curly arrow starts where ____________ and ends ___________

A

where a bond/lone pair is ERASED, where a bond/lone pair is ADDED

30
Q

nucleophiles

A

electron-rich

31
Q

electrophiles

A

electron-poor

32
Q

hydrogen with 1 proton and 0 neutrons is known as

A

hydrogen

33
Q

hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 neutron is known as

A

deterium

34
Q

hydrogen with 1 proton and 2 neutrons is known as

A

tritium

35
Q

carbon with 6 protons and 6 neutrons is known as

A

carbon-12

36
Q

carbon with 6 protons and 7 neutrons is known as

A

carbon-13

37
Q

carbons with 6 protons and 8 neutrons is known as

A

carbon-14

38
Q

number of protons identify an

A

atom

39
Q

number of neutrons identify an

A

isotope

40
Q

shape of an s orbital

A

sphere

41
Q

shape of a p orbital

A

dumbbell

42
Q

criteria for an organic molecule

A

direct C-H bond

43
Q

a single bond has a ____ bond

A

sigma

44
Q

a double bond has a ____ bond

A

1 sigma, 1 pi

45
Q

a triple bond has a ____ bond

A

1 sigma, 2 pi

46
Q

3 potentials for resonance to occur

A

A with lone pair - A+
A+ - A = A
A- with lone pair - A = A

could also be triple bond**

47
Q

single bonds have ____ area(s) of overlap

A

1

48
Q

double bonds have ____ area(s) of overlap

A

3

49
Q

triple bonds have ____ area(s) of overlap

A

5

50
Q

each individual sigma bond counts as ____ area(s) of overlap

A

1

51
Q

each individual pi bond counts as ____ area(s) of overlap

A

2

52
Q

which bond is stronger? sigma or pi

A

sigma

53
Q

rigidity of a single bond

A

free rotation

54
Q

rigidity of a double bond

A

rigid

55
Q

rigidity of a triple bond

A

rigid

56
Q

where is the area of electron density located for a sigma bond

A

internuclear axis

57
Q

where is the area of electron density located for a pi bond

A

above and below the internuclear axis

58
Q

what are the four types of electron-rich species
aka nucleophiles/lewis bases

A

A- with lone pair
A with lone pair
A triple bond A
A double bond A

59
Q

what are the two types of electron-poor species
aka electrophiles/lewis acids

A

A+
A with incomplete octet at neutral

60
Q

orbital overlap =

A

bond

61
Q

order of bond length (longest to shortest)

A

single, double, triple

62
Q

order of bond strength (strongest to weakest)

A

triple, double, single

63
Q

zina
z-axis

A

axis connecting the nuclei

64
Q

a single bond requires how much energy to break

A

348 kJ/mol

65
Q

a double bond requires how much energy to break

A

613 kJ/mol

66
Q

a triple bond requires how much energy to break

A

839 kJ/mol

67
Q

does it take more energy to break a sigma or a pi bond

A

sigma

Organic Chem (6 decks)

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