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biology: anatomy and physiology > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

anatomy

A

physical structures, identification of the body part

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2
Q

physiology

A

the function, how the parts of the body work

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3
Q

cytology

A

branch of biology concerned with structure and function of plant/animal cells

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4
Q

histology

A

study of the microscopic structure of tissues

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5
Q

histopathology

A

the study of changes in tissues caused by disease

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6
Q

comparative anatomy

A

study of similarities/differences in the anatomy of different species

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7
Q

neurophysiology

A

the physiology of the nervous system

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8
Q

endocrinology

A

branch of physiology and medicine concerned with endocrine glands and hormones

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9
Q

gastroenterology

A

deals with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and related organs

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10
Q

inductive method

A

draw conclusions by doing observations a high number of times (anatomy)

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11
Q

hypothetico deductive method

A

doing an experiment (physiology)

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12
Q

independent variable

A

changed on purpose

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13
Q

dependent variable

A

measured or changes because of the independent variable

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14
Q

higher sample size

A

increases outcome confidence

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15
Q

placebo effect/psychosomatic effects

A

not telling people which group they are in and not telling the experimenter which is which

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16
Q

theory

A

explains why (larger body of knowledge)

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17
Q

law

A

tells you what happens or what will happen

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18
Q

evolution

A

change in the genetic composition of a population

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19
Q

mutation

A

change in a gene (can be good, bad, or neutral)

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20
Q

selective pressures

A

result in adaptations that promote survival and reproduction

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21
Q

chemical level

A

atoms combine to form molecules and organic macromolecules

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22
Q

cellular level

A

molecules combine to form cells

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23
Q

tissue level

A

cells combine to form tissues (4 types in animals)

24
Q

organ level

A

tissues combine to form organs

25
Q

“run mrs. lidec”

A

respiratory, urinary, nervous, muscular, reproductive, skeletal, lymphatic, integumentary, digestive, endocrine, and circulatory

26
Q

positive feedback

A

reactions get stronger (amplification)

27
Q

negative feedback

A

keeping at homeostasis (stabilization)

28
Q

sagittal

A

left and right side

29
Q

midsagittal

A

equal left and right side

30
Q

parasagittal

A

unequal left and right side

31
Q

transverse

A

top and a bottom half

32
Q

coronal/frontal

A

front and a back cut (anterior and posterior)

33
Q

oblique

A

cut at an angle

34
Q

hippocrates (greek)

A

father of medicine, urged physicians to stop attributing disease to the activities of gods and demons and to seek natural causes

35
Q

aristotle

A

first to write about anatomy and physiology and believe diseases and other natural events could have either supernatural causes (theologi) or natural ones (physici or physiologi)

36
Q

on the parts of animals

A

aristotle

37
Q

claudius galen (roman)

A

wrote the most influential textbook and performed cadaver dissection of pigs, monkeys, and other animals

38
Q

maimonides (jewish)

A

served his life as physician to the court of the sultan, saladin, and wrote 10 influential medical books

39
Q

avicenna (muslim)

A

wrote the canon of medicine

40
Q

andreas vesalius

A

taught anatomy through cadaver lessons and wrote on the structure of the human body (published the first atlas of anatomy)

41
Q

william harvey

A

studied blood circulation and published on the motion of the heart

42
Q

michael servetus

A

along with william harvey found that blood must circulate continuously around the body

43
Q

robert hooke

A

designed scientific instruments of various kinds, including the compound microscope

44
Q

antony van leeuwenhoek (dutch)

A

invented a simple microscope, originally for the purpose of examining the weave of fabrics (textile merchant)

45
Q

matthias schleiden and theodor schwann

A

concluded that all organisms were composed of cells (first tenet of the cell theory)

46
Q

francis bacon and rené descartes

A

envisioned science as a far greater, systematic enterprise with enormous possibilities for human health and welfare

47
Q

hypo-

A

below

48
Q

epi-

A

above

49
Q

receptor

A

structure that senses change in the body

50
Q

baroreceptor

A

detect pressure

51
Q

nociceptor

A

detects pain

52
Q

effector

A

cell or organ that carries out the final constructive action

53
Q

integrating (control) center

A

mechanism that processes the information, relates it to other available information, and makes a decision

54
Q

anatomical terms

A

noun before adjective

55
Q

physiological gradient

A

difference in chemical concentration, electrical charge, physical pressure, temperature, or other variables between one point and another

biology: anatomy and physiology (1 decks)

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