Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the function of the lungs
Bring atmospheric gases in contact with blood
Ventilation
Process of moving gas in and out of lungs
External respiration
Between air in lungs bad the blood
Internal respiration
Between capillaries and the tissues
What does conducting airways connect
Atmospheric air with the gas exchange membrane of the lungs
Does conducting airways participate in gas exchange
No
What does the upper airways consist of
Nose, oral cavity,pharynx,larynx
Main function of the nose
Humidification,heating, and filtering of inspired air
The nose is as efficient as a filter that most particles larger than 5
micrometers in diameter do not gain entry to the lower airways
True
What are pseudostratified , ciliated columnar epithelium interspersed with?
Many mucous-secreting glands covers the posterior two thirds
Turbinates
The convoluted design of the turbinates greatly increases the surface area of the nasal cavity
What happens after the endotracheal tube is in place
The cuff is inflated to form a seal between the tracheal wall and tube
Nasopharynx
Behind nasal cavity down to soft palate
Oropharynx
Behind oral cavity from soft palate to base of tongue
Laryngopharynx
Below base of tongue and above larynx
What is pharyngeal musculature critical to preventing
Respiratory aspiration
What kind of reflex are swallowing and gag reflexes
Pharyngeal
How can airway obstructions be easily removed
Extending the neck and pulling the chin anteriorly
Sniffing position
Extending the neck and pulling the chin anteriorly
What is another term for larynx
Voice box
What does the larynx contain
Vocal cords
What is the main cartilage of the larynx
Thyroid cartilage a.k.a Adam’s apple
Where does the thyroid cartilage lie
At the level of c4 to c6
Epiglottis
Thin, flat, leaf-shaped cartilage above the glottis
Vallecula is the space between epiglottis and tongue why is it important
It’s is a landmark used during the insertion of a tube into the trachea (intubation)
Most people with obstructive sleep apnea are
Obese, snore loudly during sleep , and complain of daytime sleepiness and fatigue
What is the most efficacious treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
What is a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
A device that blow air under pressure into the nostrils; this acts as an air splint that holds the pharyngeal airway open
6 to 12 cm h20
Glottis/ vocal cords
The narrowest part of the adult larynx
Glottis/ vocal cords
Helps generate pressure to cough
Vocal cord edema (croup; strider)
The membranous space between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages,
Cricothyroid membrane
Is sometimes the puncture site for an emergency airway opening when structures above it are occluded
What does each airway divides into
Two smaller airways
What does each bifurcation create
New generation of airways
What are the contents and shape of the trachea
8-29 c-shaped cartilages
