Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define health according to WHO
“The state of complete mental, physical, and social wellbeing not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” and “a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capabilities”
What year did the health promotion era begin and where?
1974 in the United States
When was the US’s first public health revolution?
From the late 19th century (1800s) - mid-20th century (1900s)
What was the focus of the first US public health revolution?
It was mainly about minimizing the harm (i.e. morbidity and mortality) of communicable diseases
When were most communicable diseases under control in the US?
In the mid-1950s
What health statistics improved as a result of lessened infectious diseases in the US?
Lower infant mortality rates, number of children contracting the diseases, overall national mortality rates, and increase in life expectancy
What is now the main focus of public health in the US?
No chronic/communicable diseases
What are the main chronic diseases focused on in the US?
Heart disease, cancer, and stroke
When was health promotion a focus for public health in the US and why?
The mid-1970s because chronic diseases became a focus. These diseases are strongly influenced by behaviors and lifestyles. (Changing the behavior for healthier ones will prevent the diseases of concern)
Who created the first US national health prevention agenda and when?
The US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (USDHEW) created it in 1980
What did the USDHEW disease prevention strategy include?
It contained 226 goals and expected benefits. The objectives were categorized by 3 areas: preventive services, health protection, and health promotion
What was the USDHEW strategy called?
Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for a Nation
When were the USDHEW objectives in the document achieved and why?
After 5 years of its introduction, it was known that only half of the goals were accomplished by 1990. One fourth could not be reached, and the remaining fourth could not be judged due to lack of data
What are the 4 major changeable health risk behaviors?
Lack of exercise/physical activity, poor diet, using tobacco, and excessive consumption of alcohol
What is a health education specialist?
“an individual who has met, at
a minimum, baccalaureate-level required health education academic preparation qualifica-
tions, who serves in a variety of settings, and is able to use appropriate educational strategies
and methods to facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions, and sys-
tems conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities” (Joint Committee,
2012, p. 18).
