Chapter 1 Flashcards
Define Accuracy
The degree of agreement between a measured value of a physical quantity and the actual or true value for the quantity
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy is the degree of agreement between a measured value of a physical quantity and the actual or true value for that quantity. Precision is the degree to which repeated measurements of a physical quantity made by the same method give the same value.
How does increasing the pressure on a compressible material affect the density?
Increasing the pressure on a compressible material increases the density.
How does increasing the temperature of a material affect the density?
Increasing the temperature of a material decreases its density
How does increasing the temperature of water from below 0oC to above 0oC affect the density?
The density of water increases as the temperature is increased from below 0°C.
List the five states of matter in order of increasing particulate movement.
Superfluid, solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
What is the physical difference between a liquid and a gas?
A liquid has a fixed volume but a variable shape. A gas has no fixed shape or volume.
What are the terms for the following transitions: (a) gas to solid, (b) solid to gas, (c) solid to liquid, (d) liquid to gas, (e) gas to plasma, (f) gas to liquid.
(a) Deposition, (b) sublimation, (c) melting, (d) vaporization, (e) ionization, (f) condensation.
(a) What four states of matter are considered to be fluids? (b) Why?
(a) Liquids, gases, plasmas, and superfluids, (b) they all will continually flow under an applied shear stress.
The boiling point of a pure liquid increases or decreases with:(a)increasing pressure,(b) increasing altitude?
(a) increases, (b) decreases.
At what temperature and pressure does a supercritical fluid exist?
At temperatures and pressures above the critical point.
What is the triple point of a substance?
The temperature and pressure at which solid, liquid, and gas phases coexist.
What is the difference between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid?
Crystalline solids have a long-range highly ordered three-dimensional arrangements of the atoms or molecules. Amorphous solids lack this highly ordered long-range
(a) The elements are divided into what three categories? (b) Most elements fall into which category?
(a) Metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, (b) Most elements are classified as metals.
What is the difference between an organic compound and an inorganic compound?
Organic compounds are those that contain one or more atoms of carbon. Inorganic compounds are everything else
What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?
In a homogeneous mixture, the atoms or molecules are uniformly distributed and the macroscopic properties are the same throughout the mixture. A heterogeneous mixture is not thoroughly mixed and is not uniform in composition or appearance.
