Chapter 1

Question 1

is the scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures—for example, the shape and size of bones. In addition, anatomy examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

studies the structural changes that occur between conception and adulthood.

Answer 2

Developmental anatomy

Question 3

a subspecialty of developmental anatomy, considers changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development.

Answer 3

Embryology

Question 4

examines the structural features of cells

Answer 4

Cytology

Question 5

examines tissues, which are composed of cells and the materials surrounding them.

Answer 5

histology

Question 6

the study of structures that can be examined without the aid of a microscope, can be approached either systemically or regionally

Answer 6

Gross anatomy

Question 7

is a group of structures that have one or more common functions, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, skeletal, or muscular systems.

Answer 7

system

Question 8

Surface anatomy

Answer 8

involves looking at the exterior of the body to visualize structures deeper inside the body. For example, the sternum (breastbone) and parts of the ribs can be seen and palpated (felt) on the front of the chest.

Question 9

uses radiographs (x-rays), ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

Answer 9

Anatomical imaging

Question 10

are physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern. Anatomical anomalies can vary in severity from relatively harmless to life-threatening. For example, each kidney is normally supplied by one blood vessel, but in some individuals a kidney is supplied by two blood vessels.

Answer 10

Anatomical anomalies

Question 11

is the scientific investigation of the processes or functions of living things. The major goals when studying human physiology are to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli and to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in a constantly changing environment.

Answer 11

Physiology

Question 12

is the medical science dealing with all aspects of disease, with an emphasis on the cause and development of abnormal conditions, as well as the structural and functional changes resulting from disease

Answer 12

Pathology

Question 13

focuses on the changes in function and structure caused by exercise.

Answer 13

Exercise physiology

Question 14

considers the functions of organ systems.

Answer 14

systemic physiology

Question 15

which are the small structures inside cells. (little organs)

Answer 15

organelles

Question 16

is the change in shape of tissues, organs, and the entire organism.

Answer 16

Morphogenesis

Question 17

is the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body. To achieve homeostasis, the body must actively regulate conditions that are constantly changing.

Answer 17

Homeostasis

Question 18

is a significant drop in blood pressure upon standing.

Answer 18

orthostatic hypotension

Question 19

refers to a person standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward

Answer 19

Anatomical position

Question 20

when lying face upward

Answer 20

supine

Question 21

when lying face downward.

Answer 21

prone

Question 22

toward the surface

Answer 22

Superficial

Question 23

nearest

Answer 23

Proximal

Question 24

Belly or stomach

Answer 24

Ventral

Question 25

Dorsal

Answer 25

Back

Question 26

head

Answer 26

Cephalic

Question 27

tail

Answer 27

Caudal